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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Is indivisible single photon really essential for quantum communications, computing and encryption?

Aloysius F. Kracklauer, Chary Rangacharyulu, Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri, Juliana H. J. Brooks, J.E. Carroll, Andrei Yu. Khrennikov

Published Aug 20, 2009• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Compilation of extended abstracts from the participants of the panel discussion: Is indivisible single photon really essential for quantum communications, computing and encryption?
DOI
10.1117/12.845557

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Abstract Secure multiparty computational geometry is an essential field of secure multiparty computation. It involves solving geometric problems without disclosing any private geometric information from each participating party. Privacy-preserving point-line relation determination, a pivotal branch of secure multiparty computational geometry, holds significant potential for applications in various domains, including business, engineering, and military. In this paper, leveraging the assistance of a third party, we introduce a quantum solution to privacy-preserving point-line relation determination. This approach incorporates quantum key distribution and one-time pad encryption. Under the condition that the third party does not conspire with any participant, our protocol ensures heightened security and enhanced privacy protection compared to classical methods. This superiority is attributed to the underlying principles of quantum mechanics and the utilization of one-time pad encryption. Furthermore, we extend our protocol to involve multiple third parties, employing the technology of quantum secret sharing. In scenarios where these third parties refrain from colluding with any single participant, no information is divulged to the other participant. Consequently, the protocol becomes more rational and secure when multiple third parties are involved.
Arguments in physics regarding light are often based on either mechanistic concepts, or on a "which way" discussion where the question of "indistinguishability" is crucial. The last kind of arguing is based on the concept of an indivisible, point-like photon, a concept stemming historically from the most common explanation of the photoelectric effect. There seems, however, to be an important lack of consistency between arguing based on indivisible particle-like photons and the actual quantum formalism for calculating detailed outcomes from various experiments. Crucial parts of the actual calculations of diffraction and interference phenomena seem in fact to be very similar in the classical and the quantum descriptions, and are based either on classic electromagnetic fields, or on quantum fields. It is the interpretations that differ. It would be interesting to downgrade the concept of an indivisible particle-like photon and upgrade the importance of the quantum field description we really use in the detailed calculations. It is our impression that we by that could avoid quite a few weird conclusions we live with today. A few examples are given.