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Physical Review A

Adjustable multiple sub-Doppler traps in an asymmetric magneto-optical trap

Myoung-Sun Heo, Kihwan Kim, Ki-Hwan Lee, Dahyun Yum, Soyoung Shin, Yong Hee Kim, Heung‐Ryoul Noh, Wonho Jhe

Published Feb 20, 2007• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have realized adjustable multiple sub-Doppler traps (SDT's) in a six-beam magneto-optical trap (MOT) under asymmetric trap conditions. In the simplest case, one obtains an array of three SDT's, one usual trap at the origin and two additional traps symmetrically but oppositely located at equal and controllable distances from the origin, in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The easily adjustable array of SDT's readily available in the asymmetric MOT may open the possibility of novel atom optics or quantum optics experiments such as atom interferometer or quantum information.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.023409

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Sub-Doppler Traps in an Asymmetric Magneto-Optical Trap with Unequal Laser Detunings

Heung‐Ryoul Noh, Myung-Sun Heo, Wonho Jhe

The theoretical and experimental studies on the observation of adjustable multiple sub-Doppler traps in the six-beam magneto-optical trap (MOT) with unequal laser detunings are presented. When the detuning of the longitudinal lasers along the magnetic field axis is different from that of the transverse lasers, we obtain an array of three sub-Doppler traps; one usual but suppressed trap at the origin and two additional traps symmetrically but oppositely located at equal and controllable distances from the origin. We could explain the observed sub-Doppler traps and their behavior by the calculation of the sub-Doppler forces where multiple oscillating frequencies are involved.

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We present a semiclassical theory of the sub-Doppler forces in an asymmetric magneto-optical trap where the trap-laser frequencies are unequal to one another. To solve the optical Bloch equations, which contain explicit time dependence, unlike in the symmetric case of equal laser detunings, we have developed a convenient and efficient method to calculate the atomic forces at various oscillating frequencies for each atomic density matrix element. In particular, the theory provides a qualitative understanding of the array of sub-Doppler traps (SDTs) recently observed in such an asymmetric trap. We find that the distances between SDTs are proportional to the relative detuning differences, in good agreement with experimental results. The theory presented here can be applied to a dynamic system with multiple laser frequencies involved; the number of coupled equations to solve is much reduced and the resulting numerical calculation can be performed rather simply and efficiently.

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A misaligned magneto-optical trap to enable miniaturized atom chip systems

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Abstract We describe the application of displaced, or misaligned, beams in a mirror-based magneto-optical trap (MOT) to enable portable and miniaturized atom chip experiments where optical access is limited to a single window. Two different geometries of beam displacement are investigated: a variation on the well-known ‘vortex-MOT’, and the other a novel ‘hybrid-MOT’ combining Zeeman-shifted and purely optical scattering force components. The beam geometry is obtained similar to the mirror-MOT, using a planar mirror surface but with a different magnetic field geometry more suited to planar systems. Using these techniques, we have trapped around 6 × 106 and 26 × 106 atoms of 85Rb in the vortex-MOT and hybrid-MOT respectively. For the vortex-MOT the atoms are directly cooled well below the Doppler temperature without any additional sub-Doppler cooling stage, whereas the temperature of the hybrid-MOT has been measured slightly above the Doppler temperature limit. In both cases the attained lower temperature ensures the quantum behaviour of the trapped atoms required for the applications of portable quantum sensors and many others.

arXiv:1802.05525•Scientific Reports•Jun 28, 2018•3 citations
We have realized adjustable multiple sub-Doppler traps (SDT's) in a six-beam magneto-optical trap (MOT) under asymmetric trap conditions. In the simplest case, one obtains an array of three SDT's, one usual trap at the origin and two additional traps symmetrically but oppositely located at equal and controllable distances from the origin, in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The easily adjustable array of SDT's readily available in the asymmetric MOT may open the possibility of novel atom optics or quantum optics experiments such as atom interferometer or quantum information.
The theoretical and experimental studies on the observation of adjustable multiple sub-Doppler traps in the six-beam magneto-optical trap (MOT) with unequal laser detunings are presented. When the detuning of the longitudinal lasers along the magnetic field axis is different from that of the transverse lasers, we obtain an array of three sub-Doppler traps; one usual but suppressed trap at the origin and two additional traps symmetrically but oppositely located at equal and controllable distances from the origin. We could explain the observed sub-Doppler traps and their behavior by the calculation of the sub-Doppler forces where multiple oscillating frequencies are involved.
We present a semiclassical theory of the sub-Doppler forces in an asymmetric magneto-optical trap where the trap-laser frequencies are unequal to one another. To solve the optical Bloch equations, which contain explicit time dependence, unlike in the symmetric case of equal laser detunings, we have developed a convenient and efficient method to calculate the atomic forces at various oscillating frequencies for each atomic density matrix element. In particular, the theory provides a qualitative understanding of the array of sub-Doppler traps (SDTs) recently observed in such an asymmetric trap. We find that the distances between SDTs are proportional to the relative detuning differences, in good agreement with experimental results. The theory presented here can be applied to a dynamic system with multiple laser frequencies involved; the number of coupled equations to solve is much reduced and the resulting numerical calculation can be performed rather simply and efficiently.
Current dual-frequency magneto-optical traps for ultracold molecules are plagued by sub-Doppler heating effects, making them vastly inferior to standard atomic MOTs. Here we demonstrate theoretically that the sub-Doppler effects in such a MOT can be engineered to provide cooling instead of heating. We give an intuitive picture how to achieve such cooling and show the cooling and trapping force results of the 16 level optical Bloch equations for the case of CaF molecules. From three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations we estimate the temperature and density of our MOT to be 40μK40 μK40μK and 4×108cm−34 \times 10^8 cm^{-3}4×108cm−3 respectively for a molecule number of 10510^5105.
Abstract We describe the application of displaced, or misaligned, beams in a mirror-based magneto-optical trap (MOT) to enable portable and miniaturized atom chip experiments where optical access is limited to a single window. Two different geometries of beam displacement are investigated: a variation on the well-known ‘vortex-MOT’, and the other a novel ‘hybrid-MOT’ combining Zeeman-shifted and purely optical scattering force components. The beam geometry is obtained similar to the mirror-MOT, using a planar mirror surface but with a different magnetic field geometry more suited to planar systems. Using these techniques, we have trapped around 6 × 106 and 26 × 106 atoms of 85Rb in the vortex-MOT and hybrid-MOT respectively. For the vortex-MOT the atoms are directly cooled well below the Doppler temperature without any additional sub-Doppler cooling stage, whereas the temperature of the hybrid-MOT has been measured slightly above the Doppler temperature limit. In both cases the attained lower temperature ensures the quantum behaviour of the trapped atoms required for the applications of portable quantum sensors and many others.