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Physical Review Letters

Stopping Light in a Waveguide with an All-Optical Analog of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Mehmet Fatih Yanik, Wonjoo Suh, Zheng Wang, Shanhui Fan

Published Dec 1, 2004• 458 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce a new all-optical mechanism that can compress the bandwidth of light pulses to absolute zero, and bring them to a complete stop. The mechanism can be realized in a system consisting of a waveguide side coupled to tunable resonators, which generates a photonic band structure that represents a classical analogue of the electromagnetically induced transparency. The same system can also achieve a time-reversal operation. We demonstrate the operation of such a system by finite-difference time-domain simulations of an implementation in photonic crystals.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.93.233903

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We introduce a new all-optical mechanism that can compress the bandwidth of light pulses to absolute zero, and bring them to a complete stop. The mechanism can be realized in a system consisting of a waveguide side coupled to tunable resonators, which generates a photonic band structure that represents a classical analogue of the electromagnetically induced transparency. The same system can also achieve a time-reversal operation. We demonstrate the operation of such a system by finite-difference time-domain simulations of an implementation in photonic crystals.
It is theoretically shown that storage and time reversal of light pulses can be achieved in a coupled-resonator optical waveguide by dynamic tuning of the cavity resonances without maintaining the translational invariance of the system. The control exploits the Bloch oscillation motion of a light pulse in the presence of a refractive index ramp, and it is therefore rather different from the mechanism of adiabatic band compression and reversal proposed by Yanik and Fan in recent works [Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, 083901 (2004); 93, 173903 (2004)].
We show that the use of tunable photonic structures opens up unprecedented possibilities in information processing. In particular, we introduce an all-optical adiabatic bandwidth compression and frequency conversion process that overcomes the classical bandwidth-delay constraint in optics. This process requires only very small index modulations (δn/n<10-4) performed at moderate speeds, and yet can alter the spectrum of a photon almost at will. As examples of this process, we show how light pulses can be stopped and stored all-optically in multitude of systems without using any resonant or coherent electronic interactions. We also show how light pulses can be time-reversed using only linear optical elements and modulators. Such systems open up new opportunities in both fundamental sciences and technological applications.
Quantum coherence in atomic systems has led to fascinating outcomes, such as laser cooling and trapping, Bose-Einstein condensates, and electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT). In EIT, the sharp cancellation of medium absorption has led to phenomena such as lasing without inversion, freezing light, and dynamic storage of light in a solid-state system. Similar to atomic systems, EIT-like effects can be observed through classical and optical means. Here we report the first experimental deterministic tuning of all-optical analogue to EIT in coherently-coupled standing-wave photonic crystal cavities. Our observations include transparency-resonance lifetimes more than three times the single loaded cavity, Fano-type lineshapes, and stepwise control of the coherent cavity-cavity interference. Our system, with wavelength-scale localization and coupled to a single waveguide, is analyzed well through the coupled-mode formalism which examines the delay in both transparency- and Fano-like lineshapes. Our observations support applications towards all-optical trapping, stopping and time-reversal of light in a solid-state scalable implementation.