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Optics Letters

Quantum frequency conversion

Prem Kumar

Published Dec 15, 1990• 384 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental scheme is proposed by which the quantum states of two light beams of different frequencies can be interchanged. With this scheme it is possible to generate frequency-tunable squeezed light for spectroscopic applications.
DOI
10.1364/ol.15.001476

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Many demonstrations of the generation and application of squeezed light have recently been made. Progress in its application to spectroscopy,1 however, has been hampered by the lack of tunable sources of squeezed light. Present sources generate squeezing around a fixed frequency, whereas for spectroscopic applications, tunability is desirable. Here, I propose a scheme by which frequency-tunable squeezed light can be generated. I show that it is possible to change a light beam's frequency without affecting its quantum state. Consider the sum frequency process wherein a beam at ω1 is mixed with a pump beam at ω2 to generate the sum ω3 = ω1 + ω2.
Recently we analyzed an optical-phase feed-forward scheme to produce a squeezed-light beam from the twin beams generated by nondegenerate optical parametric amplification.1 Our interest in this scheme stems from the possibility it allows for the generation of tunable squeezed light. If the input signal beam to the parametric amplifier is tunable, a tunable squeezed output beam can be obtained for spectroscopic applications.2 In this paper we present a wideband model of this scheme. Noise characteristics of the homodyne detector, that measures squeezing properties of the phase-controlled output signal beam from the parametric amplifier, are analyzed in detail. To minimize the squeezed-noise power at an arbitrarily given sideband frequency, the optimal phase feed-forward transfer function is calculated. This feed-forward transfer function is achievable with a bandpass filter and an electronic amplifier. For certain frequency profiles of the gain and phase of the parametric amplifier, the squeezed-noise power spectral density can be minimized over the whole electronic bandwidth of the photodetector that is employed in homodyne detection.
Quantum frequency conversion, a process with which an input beam of light can be converted into an output beam of a different frequency while preserving the quantum state, is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Nonclassical intensity correlation (\ensuremath{\simeq}3 dB) between two beams at 1064 nm is used as the input quantum property. When the frequency of one of the beams is converted from 1064 to 532 nm, nonclassical intensity correlations (\ensuremath{\simeq}1.5 dB) appear between the up-converted beam and the remaining beam. Our measurements are in excellent agreement with the quantum theory of frequency conversion. The development of tunable sources of novel quantum light states seems possible.
Quantum frequency conversion, the process of shifting the frequency of an optical quantum state while preserving quantum coherence, can be used to produce non-classical light at otherwise unapproachable wavelengths. We present experimental results based on highly efficient sum-frequency generation (SFG) between a vacuum squeezed state at 1064 nm and a tunable pump source at 850 nm ± 50 nm for the generation of bright squeezed light at 472 nm ± 4 nm. We demonstrate that the SFG process conserves part of the quantum coherence as a 4.2(±0.2) dB 1064 nm vacuum squeezed state is converted to a 1.6(±0.2) dB tunable bright blue squeezed state.