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Physics Letters A

New features of entanglement dynamics with initial system–bath correlations

Lin Li, Jian Zou, Zhi He, Jungang Li, Bin Shao, Lian-Ao Wu

Published Jan 5, 2012• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2012.01.002

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We investigate the influence of the initial correlations between a two-qubit system and a family of baths on the dynamics of quantum discord of these two qubits. We show that the initial states with entanglement between the two-qubit system and the bath can prompt two qubits to gain more quantum discord. Moreover, for the initial states only with discord but null entanglement between the two-qubit system and the bath, the effects depend on whether two qubits or one of the two qubits interact with the bath. We also find that there exist some specific initial states for which the entanglement between two qubits is invariant as time evolves, but the quantum discord is not, and for some other initial states although the states evolve, both the entanglement and the quantum discord remain invariant.
Abstract The emerging quantum technologies heavily rely on the understanding of dynamics in open quantum systems. In the Born approximation, the initial system-bath correlations are often neglected which can be violated in the strong coupling regimes and quantum state preparation. In order to understand the influence of initial system-bath correlations, we study the extent to which these initial correlations and the distance of separation between the qubits influence the dynamics of quantum entanglement and coherence. It is shown that at low temperatures, the initial correlations have no role to play while at high temperatures, these correlations strongly influence the dynamics. Furthermore, we have shown that the distance of separation between the qubits in presence of a collective bath helps to maintain entanglement and coherence at long times.
The Mpemba effect (ME)—where hot systems cool faster than colder ones—has intrigued both classical and quantum thermodynamics. Compared to classical systems, quantum systems add complexity due to quantum correlations. Recent works have explored anomalous relaxation and Mpemba-like effects in several quantum systems, considering isolated systems at zero temperature or open systems in contact with reservoirs under Markovian or non-Markovian dynamics. However, these models typically assume an initial unentangled system–bath state, overlooking the role of initial system–environment correlations. Here we propose a type of quantum ME, distinct from the strong ME, originating solely from initial system–bath entanglement. It is shown that the degree of initial entanglement significantly influences the early relaxation dynamics, with certain conditions causing backflow and retarded thermalization. As an example, we investigate the spontaneous emission of a two-level atom in a photonic waveguide at zero temperature, where an initial atom-photon entangled state results in delayed relaxation and a pronounced ME. These findings highlight the crucial role of quantum correlations in thermalization processes and open new avenues for identifying and engineering quantum Mpemba phenomena. Controlling relaxation dynamics through system–environment entanglement may have potential applications in quantum thermal machines, state initialization protocols, and quantum information processing, where precise control over thermalization is essential.