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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Direct Measurement of the Cs2 0u+ (P3/2) High-Lying Vibrational Spectroscopy Using Photon Counting

Jie Ma, Lirong Wang, Yanting Zhao, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Jun 10, 2009• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the photoassociation of cold Cs atoms giving spectroscopy data of the 0 u + long-range molecular state in the asymptotic range of [-6.2, -2.5 cm -1 ] close to the 6S 1/2 +6P 3/2 dissociation limit using photon counting technique. 24 new high-lying vibrational levels of the 0 u + long-range state are identified to lead to the formation of excited molecules in the photoassociation process. Fitting experimental data to improved LeRoy–Bernstein formula, we obtain long-range molecular coefficient with a high precision.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.78.064302

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We report on the photoassociation of cold Cs atoms giving spectroscopy data of the 0 u + long-range molecular state in the asymptotic range of [-6.2, -2.5 cm -1 ] close to the 6S 1/2 +6P 3/2 dissociation limit using photon counting technique. 24 new high-lying vibrational levels of the 0 u + long-range state are identified to lead to the formation of excited molecules in the photoassociation process. Fitting experimental data to improved LeRoy–Bernstein formula, we obtain long-range molecular coefficient with a high precision.
The photoassociation spectroscopic data of the long-range molecular 1g state of Cs 2 in the asymptotic range red detuned [-5.02, -2.45 cm -1 ] to the (6S 1/2 +6P 3/2 ) dissociation limit detected using photon counting technique are presented and 18 new high-lying vibrational energy levels are obtained. Fitting experimental data to the improved LeRoy–Bernstein (LRB) formula, we have obtained the long-range molecular coefficient c 3 with a high precision and also demonstrated the necessity of the improved LRB formula for more precise c 3 coefficient by analyzing the residual from fitting procedure.
We have performed high precision photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium gas. Using trap-loss fluorescence detection and controlling the background cesium pressure we were able to photoassociate atoms into excited states of ultracold molecules with large detunings up to 56 cm(-1) below the Cs(6S(1/2)) + Cs(6P(1/2)) atomic asymptote. Vibrational progressions are assigned to 0(g)(-), 0(u)(+), and 1(g) long-range states. By fitting the spectral data to the LeRoy-Bernstein expression, the effective coefficients of the leading long-range interactions and the vibrational quantum number at dissociation are obtained. In addition we have observed spectral perturbations between states of the same symmetry belonging to different asymptotes (6P(1/2) and 6P(3/2)). The perturbations are manifested through irregular vibrational level spacings and are especially pronounced in the 0(u)(+) symmetry. Many observed rotational levels indicate d- and higher partial wave contributions to the photoassociation cross section in the presence of trapping laser light, while spectral regions with only weak features suggest nodes in the lower state wave functions corresponding to the two ground state atoms asymptote.
High precision photoassociation spectroscopy is performed in ultracold cesium gas, with detunings as large as 51 cm(-1) below the Cs(6S(1/2))+Cs(6P(3/2)) asymptote. Trap-loss fluorescence detection is used for detecting the photoassociation to excited state ultracold molecules. Long vibrational progressions are assigned to electronic states of 0(g) (-), 0(u) (+), and 1(g) symmetry. The spectral data are fitted to a LeRoy-Bernstein equation, in order to obtain the effective coefficients of the leading long-range interaction term (C(3)/R(3)) and the relative vibrational quantum numbers measured down from dissociation. Additionally we present evidence for perturbations between the 0(g) (-) state and the dark 2(u) state.
Photoassociation spectroscopy with high resolution for 0u+(6P3/2) long-range state of ultracold cesium molecules has been measured experimentally using the modulated trap loss fluorescence spectroscopy technology. The spectral range has been extended over 60 cm-1 below the 6S1/2 + 6P3/2 dissociation limit as compared with other groups. twenty-five new observations of the Cs2 0u+ in long-range state are reported. The vibrational binding energies of these states are analyzed by using the LeRoy-Bernstein formula. The long-range parameter C3 in molecular 0u+(6P3/2) state is derived for 16.1030.010, and the corresponding molecular potential curve is depicted.
We report on new observations of the photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium molecules using a highly sensitive detection technique and a combined analysis with all observed electronic states. The technique is achieved by directly modulating the frequency of the trapping lasers of a magneto-optical trap. New observations of the Cs2 0g(-), 0u(+), and 1g states at the asymptotes 6S1/2 + 6P1/2 and 6S1/2 + 6P3/2 are reported. The spectral range is extended to the red detuning of 112 cm(-1) below the 6S1/2 + 6P3/2 dissociation limit. Dozens of vibrational levels of the ultracold Cs2 0g(-), 0u(+), and 1g states are observed for the first time. The available experimental binding energies of these states are analyzed simultaneously in a framework of the generalized LeRoy-Bernstein theory and the almost degenerate perturbation theory by Marinescu and Dalgarno [Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 52, 311 (1995)]. The unique atomic-related parameter c3 governing the dispersion forces of all the molecular states is estimated as (10.29 ± 0.05) a.u.
In the molecular photoassociation process, two free cold atoms absorb one photon by a resonant way, to create an excited molecule in a well defined ro-vibrational state. The photoassociative spectroscopy of alkaline dimers yields accurate determinations for the long-range parts of molecular potential curves correlated to the first s + p asymptote. In contrast to atoms, laser cooling of molecules is very difficult because of the lack of a closed two-level scheme for recycling the population. The molecular photoassociation of cold atoms opens also a promising alternative for the formation of cold ground state molecules. Photoassociation of cold cesium atoms has permitted the first observation of translationally cold ground state molecules. The case of the cesium atom is very favorable because the 0 g - and 1 u purely long-range states below the dissociation limit 6s 1/2 +6p 3/2 present Condon points at intermediate distances. Such configurations offer rather efficient channels for the creation of singlet or triplet ground state Cs 2 molecules after spontaneous decay.