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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Spectrum of thermal voltage fluctuations in current-driven, small-capacitance Josephson junctions

Makoto R. Arai, Vinay Ambegaokar

Published Jun 1, 1982• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00683990

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We simulate the current-voltage relation of short layered superconductors, which we model as stacks of capacitively coupled Josephson junctions. The system is driven by external laser fields, in order to optically control the voltage drop across the junction. We identify parameter regimes in which supercurrents can be stabilized against thermally induced phase slips, thus reducing the effective voltage across the superconductor. Furthermore, single driven Josephson junctions are known to exhibit phase-locked states, where the superconducting phase is locked to the driving field. We numerically observe their persistence in the presence of thermal fluctuations and capacitive coupling between adjacent Josephson junctions. Our results indicate how macroscopic material properties can be manipulated by exploiting the large optical nonlinearities of Josephson plasmons.
Asymmetric two-junction SQUIDs with different current-phase relations in the two Josephson junctions, involving higher Josephson harmonics, demonstrate a flux-tunable Josephson diode effect (asymmetry between currents flowing in the opposite directions, which can be tuned by the magnetic flux through the interferometer loop). We theoretically investigate influence of junction capacitance and thermal fluctuations on performance of such Josephson diodes. Our main focus is on the ``minimal model'' with one junction in the SQUID loop possessing the sinusoidal current-phase relation and the other one featuring additional second harmonic. Capacitance generally weakens the diode effect in the resistive branch (R state) of the current-voltage characteristic (CVC) both in the absence and in the presence of external ac irradiation. At the same time, it leads to qualitatively new features of the Josephson diode effect such as asymmetry of the retrapping currents (which are a manifestation of hysteretic CVC). In particular, the limiting case of the single-sided hysteresis becomes accessible. In its turn, thermal fluctuations are known to lead to nonzero average voltages at any finite current, even below the critical value. We demonstrate that in the diode regime, the fluctuation-induced voltage can become strongly (exponentially) asymmetric. In addition, we find asymmetry of the switching currents arising both due to thermal activation and due to Josephson plasma resonances in the presence of ac irradiation.