We describe a set of experiments that investigate excitation transfer among the barium 6s5d
3DJ metastable levels due to collisions with argon perturber atoms, and quenching of atoms in these levels by nitrogen perturber molecules. The metastable levels were populated through optical pumping of the 6
s2 1S0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p
3P1o intercombination transition with a pulsed laser, followed by stimulated emission or stimulated Raman scattering into the 6s5d
3D1,2 levels. Collisional mixing then distributed population throughout the
3DJ levels. Time-dependent absorption coefficients were obtained by measuring the transmission of a weak cw probe laser beam (after the pulsed laser fired) at several perturber number densities. Argon buffer gas was used to investigate fine-structure mixing, and nitrogen was used to study quenching. The time-dependent absorption coefficients were fitted to appropriate fitting functions, obtained by solving the set of coupled rate equations used to model the time evolution of the metastable level populations. The buildup rates of the initially unpopulated
3D3 and underpopulated
3D1 levels were used to determine the collisional mixing rates, while the measured decay rates of the
3DJ level populations yielded the quenching rates. From plots of buildup rates versus argon number density for the
3D1,3 states, we were able to determine four of the six fine-structure mixing rate coefficients
kij.The results are
k12=(1.71\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18),
k21=(1.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13),
k23=(1.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13), and
k32=(1.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$
cm3 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The experiment is not sensitive to the values of
k13 and
k31. Estimated rate coefficients for excitation transfer among the
3DJ levels due to collisions with barium atoms are
k21Ba=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$
cm3 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and
k23Ba=5.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$
cm3 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. A plot of the population decay rates versus
N2 number density for each of the three metastable levels yielded the average nitrogen quenching rate coefficient
kq=(3.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}11}$
cm3 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.
We describe a set of experiments that investigate diffusion of barium 6s5d
3DJ metastable level and 6
s21S0 ground-state atoms through the noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. The barium metastable levels were populated through optical pumping of the 6
s21S0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p
3P1o intercombination transition with a pulsed laser, followed by spontaneous or stimulated emission into the 6s5d
3D1,2 levels. Collisional mixing then distributed population throughout the 6s5d
3DJ levels. A weak narrow-band cw laser was tuned to appropriate transitions to probe the spatial distribution of metastable level atoms, as well as the hole created in the ground-state spatial distribution, by the pulsed laser. Time-dependent absorption coefficients were obtained by measuring the transmission of the probe laser at several different pump-probe spatial separations. From these absorption data, spatial number density profiles were mapped out for various times following the firing of the pump laser. These density profiles were used to determine the diffusion coefficient for each state at a particular buffer-gas pressure and temperature. From these pressure- and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients D, we determined the thermally averaged diffusion cross sections ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6s5d
3DJ) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6
s21S0) for the metastable and ground-state atoms diffusing through the noble gases, respectively. We also report values for the scaled standard diffusion coefficients
D0. Our experimental values of the thermally averaged diffusion cross sections ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6s5d
3DJ) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6
s21S0) for the barium-helium system are compared with values calculated from published, theoretical barium-helium potentials and the agreement is excellent. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Collisional deactivation of the 5d7p (3)D1 state of Ba by noble gases is studied by time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence techniques. A pulsed, frequency-doubled dye laser at 273.9 nm excites the 5d7p (3)D1 level from the ground state, and fluorescence at 364.1 and 366.6 nm from the 5d7p (3)D1 --> 6s5d (3)D1 and 5d7p (3)D1 --> 6s5d (3)D2 transitions, respectively, is monitored in real time to obtain the deactivation rate constants. At 835 K these rate constants are as follows: He, (1.69 +/- 0.08) x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1); Ne, (3.93 +/- 0.14) x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1); Ar, (4.53 +/- 0.15) x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1); Kr, (4.64 +/- 0.13) x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1); Xe, (5.59 +/- 0.22) x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1). From time-resolved 5d7p (3)D1 emission in the absence of noble gas and from the intercepts of the quenching plots, the lifetime of this state is determined to be 100 +/- 1 ns. Using time- and wavelength-resolved Ba emission with a low background pressure of noble gas, radiative lifetimes of several near-resonant states are determined from the exponential rise of the fluorescence signals. These results are as follows: 5d6d (3)D3, 28 +/- 3 ns; 5d7p (3)P1, 46 +/- 2 ns; 5d6d (3)G3, 21.5 +/- 0.8 ns; 5d7p (3)F3, 48 +/- 1 ns. Integrated fluorescence signals are used to infer the relative rate constants for population transfer from the 5d7p (3)D1 state to eleven near-resonant fine structure states.
Rate coefficients for energy-pooling collisions between low-lying excited states of Ba have been measured. The 6s6p
(3P1) level in Ba is pumped by a cw diode laser, and radiative decay and collisions with buffer-gas atoms also populate the 5d6s
(1D) and 5d6s
(3D) metastable levels. The densities of these low-lying excited states are measured by the absorption of lines from a Ba hollow-cathode lamp, and the states populated by energy-pooling collisions are studied by comparing their fluorescence intensity to that of the laser-excited level. The rate coefficients are on the order of gas-kinetic rates, and they are not strongly dependent on energy defect, spin changes, or angular-momentum changes.
Collisional excitation transfer and relaxation of K 5
sp2P atoms in collisions with noble gases, as well as the radiative lifetimes of the K 5P, 6P and 7P fine-structure states have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Potassium vapour was mixed in a cell with a noble gas and selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the 5
sp2P
sb1over2 or the 5
sp2P
sb3over2 state in zero magnetic field and to the 5
sp2P
sb1over2−1over2 or the 5
sp2P
sb3over2−3over2 Zeeman substate in a field of 70 kG. Interferometric analysis of the fluorescence emitted from the directly (optically) excited state and that emitted from the collisionally populated states allowed the determination of the fine-structure mixing cross sections for collisions with He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe in zero magnetic field. Excitation transfer between Zeeman substates was investigated for collisions between the selectively excited 5P atoms and He, Ne and Ar atoms, allowing the determination of the multipole relaxation (depolarization) cross sections for dipole, quadrupole and octupole decay, as well as the Zeeman and fine-structure mixing cross sections and orientation transfer cross sections. A comparison of theoretical calculations with the experimental data has been made and the rate equations governing multipole relaxation and including effects due to strong fine-structure mixing on the multipole relaxation, have been described in detail. The radiative lifetimes of the individual fine-structure components of the K 5P, 6P and 7P states have been determined experimentally by means of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence techniques. These data are compared with numerous theoretical calculations and the available experimental values.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1988 .B474. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 49-04, Section: B, page: 1223. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1988.