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Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics

Vanishing of the Edwards-Anderson order parameter in two- and three-dimensional Ising spin glasses

Alan J. Bray, M A Moore, P Reed

Published Mar 28, 1978• 80 citations

Abstract

The nature of the freezing process in two- and three-dimensional Ising spin glasses with bonds J ij =+or-J has been investigated. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the characteristic cusp in the susceptibility chi is a non-equilibrium phenomenon resulting from the finite observation times available for the computation of chi (or its experimental measurement). This picture of the freezing process, which is illustrated by explicit calculation for the one-dimensional Ising spin glass, implies chi =1/k B T for all temperatures, or that the Edwards-Anderson order parameter q vanishes. Investigation of the ground states of certain periodic models in two and three dimensions show that every spin belongs to a finite cluster which may be turned over with no cost of energy, so that q is rigorously zero for such models. It is argued that this result holds also for the fully random models.

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/11/6/024

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Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Feb 15, 1986•18 citations

The nature of the freezing process in two- and three-dimensional Ising spin glasses with bonds J ij =+or-J has been investigated. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the characteristic cusp in the susceptibility chi is a non-equilibrium phenomenon resulting from the finite observation times available for the computation of chi (or its experimental measurement). This picture of the freezing process, which is illustrated by explicit calculation for the one-dimensional Ising spin glass, implies chi =1/k B T for all temperatures, or that the Edwards-Anderson order parameter q vanishes. Investigation of the ground states of certain periodic models in two and three dimensions show that every spin belongs to a finite cluster which may be turned over with no cost of energy, so that q is rigorously zero for such models. It is argued that this result holds also for the fully random models.

By a recursive method numerically exact free energies and correlation functions are calculated for finite two- and three-dimensional Ising lattices with bonds chosen randomly either ±J or from a gaussian distribution. While (dynamic) Monte Carlo simulations of precisely the same systems show the onset of Edwards-Anderson ordering at rather sharply defined nonzero freezing temperature Tf, the exact static calculations imply that there is no static order parameter qEA = [<Si≳2T]av at nonzero temperature. The correlation length, which would become infinite when qEA would start to become nonzero, is found at Tf to be of the order of a few lattice spacings only. As a result, the freezing-in of these models is identified as a dynamic phenomenon, and not a phase transition associated with static Edwards-Anderson order. The specific heat of the gaussian spin glass is found to vary nearly linear with temperature. On the other hand, in two-dimensional Ising systems with random fields a nonzero (Mattis-like) spin glass order is found.

A simple approximation procedure is introduced which quantitatively accounts for the low-temperature logarithmic decay in time of the autocorrelation function for the Edwards-Anderson model of an Ising spin glass. The relationship between the autocorrelation function and the susceptibility is used to derive the dependence on observation time of the susceptibility. The order parameter q(t) is calculated and is in good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations on two- and three-dimensional systems with Gaussian bond distributions, which show that q(t) tends to zero for long times t.

We perform high-statistics Monte Carlo simulations of three-dimensional Ising spin glass models on cubic lattices of size

L

: the $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ (Edwards-Anderson) Ising model for two values of the disorder parameter

p

,

p=0.5

and

p=0.7

(up to

L=28

and

L=20

, respectively), and the bond-diluted bimodal model for bond-occupation probability

{p}_{b}=0.45

(up to

L=16

). The finite-size behavior of the quartic cumulants at the critical point allows us to check very accurately that these models belong to the same universality class. Moreover, it allows us to estimate the scaling-correction exponent $\ensuremath{\omega}$ related to the leading irrelevant operator: $\ensuremath{\omega}=1.0(1)$. Shorter Monte Carlo simulations of the bond-diluted bimodal models at

{p}_{b}=0.7

and

{p}_{b}=0.35

(up to

L=10

) and of the Ising spin glass model with Gaussian bond distribution (up to

L=8

) also support the existence of a unique Ising spin glass universality class. A careful finite-size analysis of the Monte Carlo data which takes into account the analytic and the nonanalytic corrections to scaling allows us to obtain precise and reliable estimates of the critical exponents. We obtain $\ensuremath{\nu}=2.45(15)$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}=\ensuremath{-}0.375(10)$.