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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

New Results for q -State Vertex Models and the Pure Biquadratic Spin-1 Hamiltonian

Andreas Klümper

Published Aug 15, 1989• 114 citations
Publisher

Abstract

New exactly solvable SO(q) -invariant q -state vertex models are introduced. We employ a new method using inversion relations which enables us to determine directly the spectra of the transfer matrices. The results are applied to related quantum spin chains. A special case is the pure biquadratic spin-1 Hamiltonian which turns out to be noncritical. Various quantities are calculated, e.g. , the energy gap and the correlation length.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/9/8/013

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New exactly solvable SO(q) -invariant q -state vertex models are introduced. We employ a new method using inversion relations which enables us to determine directly the spectra of the transfer matrices. The results are applied to related quantum spin chains. A special case is the pure biquadratic spin-1 Hamiltonian which turns out to be noncritical. Various quantities are calculated, e.g. , the energy gap and the correlation length.
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We study the excitations of two-dimensional classical vertex models and related one-dimensional quantum Hamiltonians. The main mathematical means we use are functional equations which are set up and solved for the excitation functions. The method is first applied to the eight-vertex model as a prototype and compared with the traditional solution procedure of the Bethe Ansatz. In the last part we investigate some q-state models, notably the biquadratic spin-1 quantum antiferromagnet and its generalizations, which recently attracted interest due to Haldane’s conjecture.
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We solved the Yang-Baxter equation for the RRR-matrices of three-state vertex models with ice condition, and obtained a complete list of solvable nineteen-vertex models and associated quantum spin Hamiltonians of spin one.
Abstract A systematic and compact treatment of arbitrary su (2) invariant spin- s quantum chains with nearest-neighbour interactions is presented. The ground-state is derived in terms of matrix product states (MPS). The fundamental MPS calculations consist of taking products of basic tensors of rank 3 and contractions thereof. The algebraic su (2) calculations are carried out completely by making use of Wigner calculus. As an example of application, the spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic quantum chain is investigated. Various physical quantities are calculated with high numerical accuracy of up to 8 digits. We obtain explicit results for the ground-state energy, entanglement entropy, singlet operator correlations and the string order parameter. We find an interesting crossover phenomenon in the correlation lengths.
The authors present calculations of the specific heat of 1D quantum spin chains for a number of integrable and non-integrable Hamiltonians, in the presence of a magnetic field. For S=1 the Hamiltonian has both bilinear and biquadratic isotropic exchange and includes ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic versions of the Heisenberg, Takhtajan-Babujian (TB), Lai-Sutherland (LS) (permutation) and biquadratic models. The two methods used are (i) direct numerical diagonalisation for chains of up to nine atoms and (ii) numerical solution of the Bethe ansatz equations for the integrable models (TB and LS). Generalisations of the latter method to S>1 are also given. For the integrable models the two methods give results in good agreement. Various types of behaviour, particularly at low T, are found and these are related to known phase changes at T=0. The results of the first method for the non-integrable Hamiltonians are discussed with reference to the existence of the Haldane gap in the S=1 Heisenberg model and a possible gap in the biquadratic model.