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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Potts model specific heat critical exponents

Robert W. Zwanzig, John D. Ramshaw

Published Jan 1, 1977• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A series expansion for the free energy of the q-state Potts model on a square lattice is used to estimate the specific heat critical exponents. The analysis is based on a series transformation which was suggested by the known solution of the two-state Potts (Ising) model, and which makes optimum use of the duality theorem. The transformed series is quite smooth. Neville tables yield the estimates alpha (2)=0.0001+or-0.0003 for the two-state model, alpha (3)=0.296+or-0.002 for the three-state model, and alpha (4)=0.45+or-0.02 for the four-state model. The value for alpha (3) differs considerably from one reported by Straley and Fisher (1973), and substantially improves compliance with the Rushbrooke inequality.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/10/1/016

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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Sep 1, 1979•24 citations
A series expansion for the free energy of the q-state Potts model on a square lattice is used to estimate the specific heat critical exponents. The analysis is based on a series transformation which was suggested by the known solution of the two-state Potts (Ising) model, and which makes optimum use of the duality theorem. The transformed series is quite smooth. Neville tables yield the estimates alpha (2)=0.0001+or-0.0003 for the two-state model, alpha (3)=0.296+or-0.002 for the three-state model, and alpha (4)=0.45+or-0.02 for the four-state model. The value for alpha (3) differs considerably from one reported by Straley and Fisher (1973), and substantially improves compliance with the Rushbrooke inequality.
Monte Carlo simulations and series expansions data for the energy, specific heat, magnetization, and susceptibility of the three-state Potts model on the square lattice are analyzed in the vicinity of the critical point in order to estimate universal combinations of critical amplitudes. We estimate these amplitudes using the correction-to-scaling exponents predicted by conformal field theory. We also form effective ratios of the observables close to the critical point and analyze how they approach the universal critical-amplitude ratios. In particular, using the duality relation, we show analytically that for the Potts model with a number of states $q\ensuremath{\leqslant}4$, the effective ratio of the energy critical amplitudes always approaches unity linearly with respect to the reduced temperature. This fact leads to the prediction of relations among the amplitudes of correction-to-scaling terms of the specific heat in the low- and high-temperature phases. We present numerical and analytical support for the form of the first two correction-to-scaling terms. Our results for the amplitude ratios closely agree with the theoretical predictions and the earlier numerical estimates of the specific heat and the susceptibility amplitude ratios.
Abstract We compute the exact partition function for the 3-state Potts model on square lattices of several sizes larger than previously accessible. Making comparison with the exactly solved Ising model we show that, for aspects of the analytic structure close to the ferromagnetic transition point, these lattices are large enough to approach the thermodynamic limit. Subject to certain assumptions this allows for computation of estimates for the specific heat critical exponent. We thus obtain an estimate for this exponent. The estimate is consistent with the known result, thus demonstrating the potential use of this method for other models. We also discuss the antiferromagnetic transition.
The two-dimensional four-state Potts model at finite temperature can be transformed, via the transfer matrix, into a one-dimensional quantum mechanical model at zero temperature. The duality invariant renormalisation group introduced by Fernandez-Pacheco (1979) is then employed to study the ground-state critical properties of this model. The fixed point is located at exactly the self-dual critical point K*=1. The thermal exponent is calculated to be y T =1.3219. It is in excellent agreement with the recent series value of Ditzian and Kadanoff (1979) (y T =1.33). Although it is not inconsistent with den Nijs's (1979) conjectured exact value of 3 / 2 , the difference is nevertheless substantial.
A phenomenological approach to the ferromagnetic two-dimensional (2D) Potts model on square lattice is proposed. Our goal is to present a simple functional form that obeys the known properties possessed by the free energy of the q-state Potts model. The duality symmetry of the 2D Potts model together with the known results on its critical exponent α allows us to fix consistently the details of the proposed expression for the free energy. The agreement of the analytic ansatz with numerical data in the q=3 case is very good at high and low temperatures as well as at the critical point. It is shown that the q>4 cases naturally fit into the same scheme and that one should also expect a good agreement with numerical data. The limiting q=4 case is shortly discussed.
The four-state Potts model is studied via series expansions. Free energy and susceptibility high-temperature series are calculated for hypercubic lattices of general dimensionality. Estimates of critical temperatures and critical indices gamma and alpha are obtained as functions of dimensionality. The free energy, magnetisation, and susceptibility low-temperature series are calculated for d=4. The high-and low-temperature series together indicate that the phase transition in this dimensionality is first order. From this result the authors suggest that the apparent second-order transitions shown by the susceptibility for d>or=4 might be explained as spinodal pseudotransitions.