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Journal of Modern Optics

Tying the loop tighter around quantum systems

HERSCHEL A. RABITZ

Published Jan 1, 2003• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In recent years, great strides have been made in controlling quantum phenomena through the use of tailored laser pulses. This paper discusses several issues that lie ahead, drawing on the ability to perform massive numbers of closed-loop laser control experiments. Particular attention is given to the robustness of these experiments, the capability of deducing control mechanisms and the introduction of special closed-loop control techniques to reveal Hamiltonian information. All these prospects point towards an increasing ability to control and understand quantum systems through close-loop laboratory techniques.

DOI
10.1080/09500340308233562

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In recent years, great strides have been made in controlling quantum phenomena through the use of tailored laser pulses. This paper discusses several issues that lie ahead, drawing on the ability to perform massive numbers of closed-loop laser control experiments. Particular attention is given to the robustness of these experiments, the capability of deducing control mechanisms and the introduction of special closed-loop control techniques to reveal Hamiltonian information. All these prospects point towards an increasing ability to control and understand quantum systems through close-loop laboratory techniques.
An increasing number of experiments have demonstrated that shaped laser pulses can successfully manipulate a broad variety of quantum phenomena. These achievements are drawing on a balance of computational design and high duty cycle closed loop learning control experiments. This paper will consider the special issues involved in best utilizing these capabilities to meet the control objectives. In addition, several topics in the analysis of controlled quantum phenomena will also be considered that draw on these same capabilities.
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Interest in the control of quantum dynamics phenomena has grown in recent years, with laboratory studies showing increasing successes. The role of theory in the control of quantum phenomena encompasses the design of laser controls, the development of algorithms to guide the laboratory studies, and the means to analyze the ensuing dynamics observations. Laboratory laser control instrumentation has the special capability of performing massive numbers of experiments in a short period of time, to rapidly search for controls that meet the objectives. This unique laboratory feature needs to be factored in when considering how to best utilize theoretical analyses. The present paper reviews the role that theory is playing, as well as suggests some future avenues for theory in the laser control of quantum phenomena.
A closed loop learning control concept is introduced for teaching lasers to manipulate quantum systems for the purpose of optimally identifying Hamiltonian information. The closed loop optimal identification algorithm operates by revealing the distribution of Hamiltonians consistent with the data. The control laser is guided to perform additional experiments, based on minimizing the dispersion of the distribution. Operation of such an apparatus is simulated for two model finite dimensional quantum systems.
This paper gives an overview of the logic behind current conceptual issues directed towards controlling quantum phenomena. The role of theory to translate these concepts into laboratory designs will be highlighted, along with an explanation of the complexities of achieving realistic designs. As a result, it will be argued that closed-loop feedback control of quantum dynamics in the laboratory is not only feasible, but will typically be a necessity for the achievement of practical control over quantum phenomena.
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