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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Population trapping and excitation of a potassium atom in a frequency modulated field

Xianzhou Zhang, Hong-Min Jiang, Jianguo Rao, Baiwen Li

Published Oct 3, 2003• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using the time-dependent multilevel approach developed by ourselves recently, we have, for the first time, calculated the stair step oscillations in the presence of intermediate modulation, and the square-wave population oscillation of the excited potassium atom in the presence of slow modulation. The numerical results are in good agreement with those of the experiments; a new way of realizing population trapping has been predicted, with a specially designed radio-frequency field.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/36/20/004

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Using the time-dependent multilevel approach developed by ourselves recently, we have, for the first time, calculated the stair step oscillations in the presence of intermediate modulation, and the square-wave population oscillation of the excited potassium atom in the presence of slow modulation. The numerical results are in good agreement with those of the experiments; a new way of realizing population trapping has been predicted, with a specially designed radio-frequency field.
A time-dependent perturbation method is proposed to study the properties of the frequency-modulated excitation of a potassium atom. Rabi oscillations in the absence of a modulation, square-wave oscillations in the presence of slow modulation, and radio-frequency multiphoton resonances in the presence of fast modulation have been calculated using this method. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with those of the experiment; novel explanations have been given to understand some of the experimental results.
Using the time-dependent multilevel approach(TDMA), we have calculated the square wave oscillation of the excited Rydberg potassium atoms in the presence of the microwave field, the static electric field and the radio-frequency(rf)field. Through changing the phase of the radio-frequency(rf)field and replacing the slow radio-frequency(rf) cosine sawtooth wave with the slow radio-frequency(rf) sawtooth wave, we have studied the change of the square wave oscillation and got some interesting results, and the theoretic explanation of these results are given.
Using the time-dependent multilevel approach (TDMA), we have calculated the square wave oscillation of the excited Rydberg potassium atoms in the presence of the microwave field, the static electric field and the radio-frequency (rf) field. After changing the frequency, amplitude of the microwave and the static electric field, and replacing the slow radio-frequency (rf) cosine wave with the slow radio-frequency (rf) sawtooth wave, we have also studied the change of the square wave oscillation and got some interesting results, and the theoretic explanation of these results were given.
By using the B -spline expansion technique and a model potential of the alkali atoms, the properties of frequency-modulated excitation of Rydberg potassium atoms in a static electric field and a microwave field are investigated by using the time-dependent two-level approach. We successfully reproduce the square wave oscillations in the low frequency, the stair step population oscillations in the intermediate frequency, and the multiphoton transitions in the high frequency with respect to the unmodulated Rabi frequency, which have been observed experimentally by Noel et al. [ Phys. Rev. A 58 2265 (1998) ]. Furthermore, we also numerically obtain the discretized Rabi oscillations predicted in the Landau—Zener accumulation model.
We present a detailed experimental study of the frequency-modulated excitation of a two-level atom, using a microwave field to drive transitions between two Rydberg Stark states of potassium. In the absence of a modulation the interaction is the standard model of the Rabi problem, producing sinusoidal oscillations of the population between the two states. In the presence of a frequency modulation of the interacting field, however, the time evolution of the system is significantly modified, producing square wave oscillations of the population, sinusoidal oscillations at a different frequency, or even sinusoidal oscillations built up in a series of stair steps. The three responses described above are each found in a different regime for the frequency of the modulation with respect to the unmodulated Rabi frequency: the low-, high-, and intermediate-frequency regimes, respectively.