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Journal of Russian Laser Research

Entanglement Structure of the Adjoint Representation of the Unitary Group and Tomography of Quantum States

Vladimir I. Man’ko, Giuseppe Marmo, E. C. G. Sudarshan, F. Zaccaria

Published Nov 1, 2003• 35 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1023/b:jorr.0000004166.55179.aa

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The density matrix of composite spin system is discussed in relation to the adjoint representation of unitary group U(n). The entanglement structure is introduced as an additional ingredient to the description of the linear space carrying the adjoint representation. Positive maps of density operator are related to random matrices. The tomographic probability description of quantum states is used to formulate the problem of separability and entanglement as the condition for joint probability distribution of several random variables represented as the convex sum of products of probabilities of random variables describing the subsystems. The property is discussed as a possible criterion for separability or entanglement. The convenient criterion of positivity of finite and infinite matrix is obtained. The U(n)-tomogram of a multiparticle spin state is introduced. The entanglement measure is considered in terms of this tomogram.
Entangled and separable states of a bipartite (multipartite) system are studied in the tomographic representation of quantum states. Properties of tomograms (joint probability distributions) corresponding to entangled states are discussed. The connection with star-product quantization is presented. U(N)-tomography and spin tomography as well as the relation of the tomograms to positive and completely positive maps are considered. The tomographic criterion of separability (necessary and sufficient condition) is formulated in terms of the equality of the specific function depending on unitary group parameters and positive map semigroup parameters to unity. Generalized Werner states are used as an example.
The intimate connection between the Banach space wavelet reconstruction method for each unitary representation of a given group and some of well-known quantum tomographies, such as tomography of rotation group, spinor tomography and tomography of unitary group, is established. Also both the atomic decomposition and Banach frame nature of these quantum tomographic examples are revealed in detail. Finally, we consider separability criteria for any state with group theoretical wavelet transform on Banach spaces.