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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Four-photon parametric frequency selection in wide stimulated emission lines

A P Veduta, B. P. Kirsanov

Published Mar 31, 1971• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown theoretically that the interaction between coherent light waves may give rise to periodic structures of parameters such as the refractive index, the absorption, and population inversion, etc. These structures can act as frequency-selection elements of the diffraction grating or the multilayer mirror type. Numerical estimates are obtained for some cases which satisfy formally the phase matching conditions for the four-photon interaction. Particular consideration is given to the case of coherent pumping of a dye-solution laser in which the frequency of the laser emission within a wide line can sometimes be altered.

DOI
10.1070/qe1971v001n03abeh003074

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It is shown theoretically that the interaction between coherent light waves may give rise to periodic structures of parameters such as the refractive index, the absorption, and population inversion, etc. These structures can act as frequency-selection elements of the diffraction grating or the multilayer mirror type. Numerical estimates are obtained for some cases which satisfy formally the phase matching conditions for the four-photon interaction. Particular consideration is given to the case of coherent pumping of a dye-solution laser in which the frequency of the laser emission within a wide line can sometimes be altered.
A study was made of the modulation of the coherent emission spectrum by spatial gratings of the refractive index, produced by the dye laser field in an absorbing medium inside the resonator. It was found that the frequencies of the reflection maxima of a nonlinear mirror resulting from the inhomogeneity of the refractive index along the direction of propagation of the light wave were in agreement with the frequencies satisfying the conditions for the maxima of interference reflection in the presence of an additional plane in the resonator.
We have calculated the excitation spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a four-level atom interacting with three laser fields at low intensities, where two of them are on two-photon resonance with the three levels of the atom, while the third laser is a weak one operating between the fourth and excited level of the atom. It is shown that light is switched off at certain frequency due to the coherent population trapping while light is turned on at another frequency, where stimulated emission occurs leading to light amplification without population inversion.
The resonant absorption, emission, and scattering of light are the fundamental optical processes that have been used both to probe matter and to manipulate light itself. In the last decade there has been essential progress in coherent control of both linear and nonlinear optical responses based on resonant excitation of atomic coherence in multilevel quantum systems. Some interesting and useful phenomena, resulting from coherent control of absorption and the group index, such as electromagnetically induced transparency, lasing without inversion, and ultra-slow group velocity of light have been widely studied. This work is focused on coherent control of refractive index and resonant fluorescence in multilevel medium. \n \nWe suggest two promising schemes for resonant enhancement of the refractive index with eliminated absorption and propose their implementation in transition element doped crystals with excited state absorption and in a cell of Rb atoms at natural abundance. We show how to use one of these schemes for spatial variation of the refractive index via its periodic resonant increase/decrease, remarkably keeping at the same time zero absorption/gain. It opens the way to production of transparent photonic structures (such as distributed Bragg reflectors, holey fibers, or photonic crystals) in a homogeneous resonant atomic media such as dielectrics with homogeneously distributed impurities, atomic, or molecular gases. These optically produced photonic structures could easily be controlled (including switching on/off, changing amplitude and period of modulation) and would be highly selective in frequency, naturally limited by the width of the optical resonance. \n \nWe also derive the optical fluorescence spectra of a three-level medium driven by two coherent fields at the adjacent transitions in a general case when all three transitions are allowed. We show that coherent driving can efficiently control the distribution of intensities between the fluorescent channels. In particular, the total intensity of fluorescence at the transition which is not driven by the optical fields may essentially exceed the fluorescence intensity at the driven transitions under the condition of two-photon resonance. This counter-intuitive effect is due to depletion of the intermediate state via atomic interference.
We present the theoretical model of coherent interactions of the light beams in a two-level resonant medium, taking into account a spatial-periodic modulation of the parameters of nonlinear medium in an interference field as well as nonlinear behavior of refractive index and absorption coefficient due to optical bleaching. As evidenced by the results of investigations described in this work, the process of the light beams interaction via scattering from dynamically induced optical gratings in two-level resonant medium is characterized by a number of interesting features like mutual attraction and repulsion, irradiation of additional beams probably due to soliton-soliton diffraction mode, formation of dark spatial solitons in the mode of defocusing interaction that can be used for all-optical control over the spatial structure of laser beams. Formation of bound states of spatial cavity solitons upon intracavity four-wave mixing and possibilities for control over all-optical soliton-based operations are also discussed.
The existence of multiple-quantum transitions in optically pumped lasers, along with splitting of the laser line due to the modulation of the wave function at an angular frequency determined by the rate of pumping, is demonstrated for a certain class of incoherent broad-band sources pumping large pump bands in crystals. The source consists of a large number of stationary elements emitting wave fields continuously at various arbitrary frequencies and arbitrary phases. The distribution of frequencies and phases among the various elements is random. The pump band belongs to the class found in laser crystals of the ionic type. The analysis shows that such sources pumping such bands act like narrow-line sources pumping narrow lines. The effective linewidth is directly related to the pump rate.
An effort was made to optimize the coherent anti-Stokes scattering four-photon parametric oscillation process in thallium vapor in the 277 nm range. The dependence of the stimulated emission power on the thallium vapor pressure, confocal parameter, detuning from two-photon resonance, and pump power was investigated. The considerable saturation of the parametric oscillation power observed both with respect to the pump power and the vapor pressure was attributed to the breakdown of the wave interaction as a result of the strong high-frequency Kerr effect under two-photon resonance conditions.