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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Single photon interference via induced coherence with and without induced emission

Axel Heuer, Sebastian Raabe, Ralf Menzel

Published May 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This talk presented experimental results and discussed how the visibility depends on the transmission amplitude of a filter between the output of idler 1 and the input of idler 2. The experimental setup is described for coherent coupling of two down converting crystals (BBO 1 and 2) to achieve interference between signal beam s1 and s2 at beam splitter BS2.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801658

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This talk presented experimental results and discussed how the visibility depends on the transmission amplitude of a filter between the output of idler 1 and the input of idler 2. The experimental setup is described for coherent coupling of two down converting crystals (BBO 1 and 2) to achieve interference between signal beam s1 and s2 at beam splitter BS2.
Coherence can be induced or stimulated in parametric down-conversion using two or three crystals when, for example, the idler modes of the crystals are aligned. Previous experiments with induced coherence [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 053601 (2015)] focused on which-path information and the role of vacuum fields in realizing complementarity via reduced visibility in single-photon interference. Here we describe experiments comparing induced and stimulated coherence. Different single-photon interference experiments were performed by blocking one of the pump beams in a three-crystal setup. Each counted photon is emitted from one of two crystals and which-way information may or not be available, depending on the setup. Distinctly different results are obtained in the induced and stimulated cases, especially when a variable transmission filter is inserted between the crystals. A simplified theoretical model accounts for all the experimental results and is also used to address the question of whether the phases of the signal and idler fields in parametric down-conversion are correlated.
We perform a time-resolved quantum interference experiment based on the effect of induced coherence without induced emission using two pulsed parametric down-conversion sources. We periodically vary the transmission of the first source's idler beam and measure the time-dependent visibility of fringes in the interference between the two signal beams. The visibility is found to be correlated with the transmissivity with a time delay corresponding to a combined path of the first idler and the second signal beam. The experiment is discussed in the context of the delayed choice experiments.
We have experimentally demonstrated two-photon interference between biphoton amplitudes arising from two well-separated pump pulses. It is important to note the following. 1) The pump pulse intensity was low enough so that single counting rates of the detectors were kept much smaller than pulse repetition rates: the probability of having one spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) photon pair per pulse in our experiment is negligible. Hence the interference cannot be explained as two SPDC photons from two pump pulses (one SPDC photon pair from each pulse) interfering at the detectors. The two pump pulses simply provide two biphoton amplitudes which could result in coincidence counts, and interference occurs between these two biphoton amplitudes only when they are indistinguishable. 2) The BBO crystal in our experiment was only 100 /spl mu/m thick, so the two-pulse did not exist in BBO at the same time at any moment. 3) Due to the delays in the interferometer (/spl tau/ /spl tau//sub 1/), the signal-idler never met at the beamsplitter. Therefore, the existence of two-photon interference cannot be viewed as the interference between the signal and idler photons. These three points again emphasize the fact that it is the indistinguishability of the two-photon Feynman alternatives for the biphoton amplitudes which is responsible for the two-photon quantum interference effects.
Coherence properties of two down-converters continuously coupled via idler beams are analyzed. A formal equivalence between this device and two well-known experiments on quantum interference by Mandel's group is developed. As in these experiments the signal coherence is shown to be induced by a principal indistinguishability of signal photons. We also show that the which-way information about a signal photon carried by the idler beams periodically attains its maximum and minimum values in the course of the evolution. The optimal which-way measurement for our setup is constructed.
Temporal coherence of the idler photon beam induced by a coherent input signal was studied for non-degenerate optical parametric down conversion. When the optical path difference of the interferometer is much longer than the coherence length of the spontaneous idler radiation, the experimental results show that the first-order temporal coherence of the idler photon can be induced by a coherence input signal and the interference fringe visibility is determined by the intensity of the coherent input signal.