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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Generation of squeezed electromagnetic field states by nonlinearly coupled quantum oscillators

O. V. Lukashina, А. Н. Ораевский, Игорь Евгеньевич Проценко

Published Aug 31, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental investigations were made of the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of a discharge in a cryogenic plasma formed from a mixture of krypton and xenon. An increase in the continuum intensity was observed when the discharge in krypton was cooled. Anomalous amplification of the vacuum ultraviolet continuum of krypton was observed when a small amount of xenon was added.

DOI
10.1070/qe1991v021n08abeh003972

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Experimental investigations were made of the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of a discharge in a cryogenic plasma formed from a mixture of krypton and xenon. An increase in the continuum intensity was observed when the discharge in krypton was cooled. Anomalous amplification of the vacuum ultraviolet continuum of krypton was observed when a small amount of xenon was added.
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The standard process for the production of strongly squeezed states of light is degenerate optical parametric amplification (OPA) below threshold in nonlinear dielectric media such as LiNbO3 or periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP). Here, we present a graphical description of squeezed-light generation via OPA, visualizing the interaction between the nonlinear dielectric polarization of the medium and the electromagnetic quantum field. We explicitly focus on the transfer from the field's ground state to a squeezed vacuum state and from a coherent state to a bright squeezed state by the medium's second-order nonlinearity, respectively. Our pictures illustrate the phase-dependent amplification and deamplification of quantum uncertainties and give the phase relations between all propagating electromagnetic fields as well as the internally induced dielectric polarizations. The graphical description can also be used to describe the generation of nonclassical states of light via higher-order effects of the nonlinear dielectric polarization such as four-wave mixing and the optical Kerr effect.
New observations are reported of tunable vacuum ultraviolet light generated in the forbidden region to the red of the xenon $6{s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{[\frac{1}{2}]}_{1}^{0}$ state due to the introduction of a second, resonant laser field. Striking observations of double-resonant ionization signals on the blue side of the xenon $6{s}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ level are also reported. Both sets of data are interpreted in terms of the changes in phase matching and the nonlinear susceptibility induced in the medium by the second laser. These changes are successfully analyzed in terms of the ac Stark effect in the three-photon level due to the second laser field.
Experimental chapter devoted to quantum observables endowed with continuously varying quantum fluctuations, such as position and momentum, quadrature operators, or phase and amplitude of electromagnetic fields . It shows that one can manipulate this quantum noise by generating squeezed states of light, always within the limits imposed by the Heisenberg inequality, and create strong correlations between these observables to conditionally generate quantum states having intensity quantum fluctuations below the "shot noise" limit imposed by the existence of vacuum fluctuations. Describes an experiment dealing with macroscopic mechanical oscillators displaying motional squeezing below the zero point fluctuations, and another one dealing with macroscopic superconducting exhibiting a whole spectrum of strongly nonclassical states, generated by using the strong anharmonicity of the Josephson potential.
Recently optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) with vacuum inputs have been extensively studied and shown to generate a significant amount of squeezing, but little is known about the quantum noise behavior of an OPA with an injected signal field. We have performed a linearized quantum analysis of a nondegenerate OPA operated in the saturated gain regime showing that the amplified output intensity of a coherent-state input signal becomes squeezed when the classical small-signal gain falls below unity. In uses such as master-oscillator power amplifiers, for which the signal of interest is the mean output intensity, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be higher than the input SNR over a broad operating range. For an OPA pumped at 90% of threshold, the SNR improvement is about a factor of 3, and with a 10-Db amplitude squeezed pump, the improvement increases to about a factor of 7. Such a tunable gain-saturated OPA with large-signal gain and improved SNR can be potentially useful in digital communication.
A new regime for the generation of squeezed states of the electromagnetic field is described for a collection of atoms within a high-finesse cavity. The process responsible for squeezing is a coupling-induced splitting in the normal-mode structure of the atom-field system. A theoretical analysis is presented that predicts large degrees of squeezing for modest operating conditions. An experimental investigation of this regime has produced noise reductions of 30% relative to the vacuum noise level.