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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Atomic tailoring for ultra-dense multi-layer spectral memories

Z. Hasan, J. L. Park, Francisco J. Bezares, Levent Biyikli

Published Feb 9, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Spectral Storage using optical holeburning has the potential of providing ultrahigh densities approaching terabits per square inch. The progress on multilayer spectral storage in Eu-doped sulfides has been presented. It is shown that atomic scale tailoring of these structures is possible in order to design several different europium optical centers. In the spectrum of these centers, ultrahigh density storage can be achieved with the simultaneous optimization of other performance parameters. Results are also presented for tailoring the barrier and the capping layers.

DOI
10.1117/12.663659

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Spectral Storage using optical holeburning has the potential of providing ultrahigh densities approaching terabits per square inch. The progress on multilayer spectral storage in Eu-doped sulfides has been presented. It is shown that atomic scale tailoring of these structures is possible in order to design several different europium optical centers. In the spectrum of these centers, ultrahigh density storage can be achieved with the simultaneous optimization of other performance parameters. Results are also presented for tailoring the barrier and the capping layers.
ABSTRACT A review of the status of ultra-high density spectral storage has been presented. Keywords: Ultra-High Density Spectral Storage, Spectral Memories, Terabits Storage, Spectral Holeburning, Optical Holeburning, Multi-layer Th infilm, Power-Gated Holeburning, Optical Materials, Rare Earths 1. INTRODUCTION Spectral Storage offers the highest possible storage densities thus far. Terabits per square inch and even more have been shown to be possible, in principle. Spectral storage is unlike any other type of storage. Magnetic, holographic, multi-layer storage [1], etc., are all macroscopic scale storage in the sense that the macroscopic properties of the recording material are transformed to record a series of zeros and ones. Spectral storage is at the atomic or microscopic scale. A small number of atoms in a solid-state medium are used to store a ‘bit’ of information. This is responsible for the high storage density of spectral storage. A cubic micron of solid has ~10 18
The fabrication of spectral storage materials presents a great challenge of tailoring the optical properties of a solid at the atomic scale. We show that by a careful choice of a host material and the luminescent rare earth centers created in it, thin film structures can be fabricated using pulsed laser deposition. It is shown that these structures can be tailored to satisfy the material requirements for the power-gated spectral holeburning, one of the most successful techniques for the spectral storage. In the form of multilayer thin film structures, these tailored materials can provide surface storage densities exceeding a terabit per square inch. Possibilities of tailoring new rare earth centers that can further multiply the storage densities have been discussed. Experimental data has been presented for the fabrication and characterization of such impurity based europium centers in MgS and CaS by chemically controlled pulsed laser deposition.
In the form of micro-particles europium doped alkaline earth sulfides have been shown to exhibit high density of permanent spectral holes. The photon-gated spectral holeburning (PGHB) in these systems provided the most promising characteristics of any material known to date. These spectral holes can be used as optical memory. However, for any optical storage device either large size single crystals or thin films are required. Thin films of these materials are grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique. This fast and simple growth technique is superior the single crystal growth or the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as far as the holeburning properties are concerned. Transparent glassy MgS:Eu and CaS:Eu films have been grown and tested for the spectral holeburning properties. Critical parameters such as the relative concentration of Eu2+ and Eu3+, and optical quality of thin films have been investigated. Int his paper we report on the growth and the high-density optical holeburning in these films. The density of spectral holes has been further increased by burning in multiple Eu-centers in a material and by depositing multiple layers of thin films of different materials in a stack.
It was envisaged that spectral holeburning based optical memory will provide orders of magnitude improvement in storage densities. The progress has basically been hampered by the lack of materials with proper performance characteristics. In the past two decades, novel atomic scale processes involved in holeburning have been investigated in detail in order to improve the performance of existing materials and to engineer new ones. On the other hand, significant advances have been made in optical storage techniques to use the materials available. And now, new materials that can approach the specifications of a memory device using different techniques for the storage are either available or are just over the horizon. This paper reviews the status of different classes of spectral holeburning materials suitable for memory devices.
For frequency domain storage rare earth doped sulfide show the most promising characteristics of any spectral holeburning material known. They provide the desired density of storage with a remarkable stability of memory against storage, read- out, and thermal surges. Problems associated with the fabrication of a prototype device not only require a careful consideration of design parameters but also raise some interesting questions regarding the material characteristics and the holeburning mechanism. This paper gives the status of our efforts in the direction of making thin films of MgS and CaS doped with Eu suitable for spectral holeburning based optical storage using the Pulsed Laser Vapor Deposition (PLD) technique.
(1) Photochemical Hole Burning (PHB) has a possibility to offer us an optical memory with ultra-high data storage density of more than 1011 bits/cm2 theoretically1). Such high data density can be achieved by multiplexing the information additional wavelength dimension besides the x-y spatial domain. The multiplexing of the information is realized by burning a sequence of narrow spectral holes as signals in the spectrum of a PHB material. Then the degree of information multiplexing depends on the degree of the multiple holes in the spectrum. The most essential subject for PHB memory is how densely and how many multiple holes can be formed without any interaction between any two holes.