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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Cascaded second-order nonlinearity in an optical cavity

Andrew G. White, J. Mlynek, Stephan Schiller

Published Aug 20, 1996• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Phase-mismatched optical second-harmonic generation in a low-loss external enhancement cavity is used to generate an effective third-order nonlinearity for continuous-wave laser radiation. The threshold for optical bistability is calculated. The cascading effect is demonstrated by detecting bistability of the line shape of a low-loss monolithic MgO:LiNbO 3 resonator pumped by a Nd:YAG laser. The simplicity of cascaded χ (2) resonators makes the method particularly promising for quantum optics.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1996-00131-8

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Phase-mismatched optical second-harmonic generation in a low-loss external enhancement cavity is used to generate an effective third-order nonlinearity for continuous-wave laser radiation. The threshold for optical bistability is calculated. The cascading effect is demonstrated by detecting bistability of the line shape of a low-loss monolithic MgO:LiNbO 3 resonator pumped by a Nd:YAG laser. The simplicity of cascaded χ (2) resonators makes the method particularly promising for quantum optics.
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This paper is concerned with the interplay between electromagnetic resonances and the phase-matching condition in guided-wave nonlinear optics. Several examples are given: quasi phase-matched second-harmonic generation using a grating with a subwavelength periodicity, cascaded optical bistability, Kerr-type distributed couplers under pulse illumination with duration of the order of the cavity build-up time or shorter, surface plasmon-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering at a grating overcoated by a few monolayers of a Raman active medium.
Squeezed vacuum pulses up to $\ensuremath{-}1.7\text{ }\text{dB}$ at telecom-band $(\ensuremath{\sim}1550\text{ }\text{nm})$ is generated with femtosecond laser pulses using cascaded ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ optical nonlinearity in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in a Sagnac interferometer. In spite of group velocity mismatch at short laser pulse pumping, sufficient cascaded nonlinear wave mixing is obtainable at the wavelength shifted from the phase matching wavelength for second harmonic generation. The theoretical model prediction agrees well with the experimental results.