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Physics Letters A

Quantum fluctuations of superfluorescence delay observed with ultrashort optical excitations

Gombojav O. Ariunbold, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Marlan O. Scully

Published Dec 6, 2011• 15 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2011.11.036

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We study backward cooperative emissions from a dense sodium atomic vapor. Ultrashort pulses produced from a conventional amplified femtosecond laser system with an optical parametric amplifier are used to excite sodium atoms resonantly on the two-photon 3S –4S transition. Backward superfluorescent emissions (BSFEs), both on the 4S –3P and 4S –3P transitions, are observed. The picosecond temporal characteristics of the BSFE are observed using an ultrafast streak camera. The power laws for the dependencies of the average time delay and the intensity of the BSFEs on input power are analyzed in the sense of cooperative emission from nonidentical atomic species. As a result, an absolute (rather than relative) time delay and its fluctuations (free of any possible external noise) are determined experimentally. The possibility of a backward swept-gain superfluorescence as an artificial laser guide star in the sodium layer in the mesosphere is also discussed.
We demonstrate that collective atomic interferences can be investigated by measuring the superfluorescence (SF) time delay. A pair of broadband (≈20 nm), ultrashort (≈80 fs), collinear pulses with a variable delay coherently excites rubidium (Rb) atoms. The generated superfluorescent pulses at 420 nm on the cascade transition are recorded by a picosecond streak camera. Both intensity and SF time delay of the 420 nm pulse are altered as the delay between input pulses varies. In particular, the SF time delay of the normalized 420 nm pulse exhibits oscillations with different periods. This can be understood in terms of atomic and quantum interferences due to two possible two-photon excitation pathways through the intermediate levels (Rb D-lines).