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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-levelM-type atom

Ying Gu, Lei Wang, Kai Wang, Cheng Yang, Qihuang Gong

Published Dec 28, 2005• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When two pairs of near-resonant laser fields interact with a five-level atom, forming an M geometry, coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency appear in the condition of the collaboration of two two-photon resonances. Moreover, in the five-level M -type atom, quantum switching based on two two-photon resonances is obtained.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/39/3/001

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Nov 1, 2009•1 citation
When two pairs of near-resonant laser fields interact with a five-level atom, forming an M geometry, coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency appear in the condition of the collaboration of two two-photon resonances. Moreover, in the five-level M -type atom, quantum switching based on two two-photon resonances is obtained.
The interaction of a weak probe laser with an inverted Y-type four-level atomic system driven by two additional coherent fields is investigated theoretically. Under the influence of the coherent coupling fields, the steady-state linear susceptibility of the probe laser shows that the system can have single or double electromagnetically induced transparency windows depending on the amplitude and the detuning of the coupling lasers. The corresponding index of refraction associated with the group velocity of the probe laser can be controlled at both transparency windows by the coupling fields. The propagation of the probe field can be switched from superluminal near the resonance to subluminal on resonance within the single transparency window when two coupling lasers are on resonance. We propose an atomic 87Rb system for experimental observation.
Summary form only given. In a three-level system, two resonant optical fields can excite spin coherence on the ground states via two-photon resonance. One of the two-superposition states created by the atom-field interactions is decoupled from the excited state. Thus, the population can be trapped in that state showing non-absorption resonance. The essential feature of this decoupled state is dark resonance. Therefore, the existence of the dark resonance is a basis of non-absorption resonance, coherent population trapping, and electromagnetically induced transparency. In a four-level system, however, the two-laser induced spin coherence can be broken when a third laser is applied. At the same time, new coherence between the third laser and one of the pre-existed lasers is created. This phenomenon is useful for optical switching owing to annihilation and creation of the dark resonance in the four-level system. It is noted that the switching time depends on the dark resonance build-up time, which is inversely proportional to the applied Rabi frequency. Numerical simulations are shown for potentially ultrahigh-speed optical switches. Each diffracted four-wave mixing signal is proportional to the spin coherence strength. For a preliminary experiment, a spectral hole-burning crystal is used. The intensity of the diffracted signals is reversed at line center. This coherence switching effect is based on the dark resonance interactions.
If a coherent perturbation field is used to couple the excited level of the coupling transition in the five-level K-type atom with another higher excited level, the two-photon electromagnetically induced transparency can be locally modulated by altering the parameters of the additional perturbation field. With different detunings of the coherent perturbation field, the absorption peak or transparency window with sharp and high-contrast spectral feature can be generated in the two-photon absorption spectrum. The physical interpretation of these phenomena is given in terms of the dressed states.