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Applied Physics Letters

Negative group velocity propagation in a highly nonlinear fiber embedded in a stimulated Brillouin scattering laser ring cavity

Dinghuan Deng, Weiqing Gao, Meisong Liao, Zhongchao Duan, Tonglei Cheng, Takenobu Suzuki, Yasutake Ohishi

Published Dec 16, 2013• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Superluminal propagation at negative group velocity was demonstrated in a highly nonlinear fiber embedded in a stimulated Brillouin scattering laser ring cavity. A maximum advancement of 369 ns and strong Stokes lasing power of 482 mW were observed when the cavity was pumped with a 1 MHz sinusoidal wave modulated signal at the power level of 1 W. The frequency dependence of fast light in this fiber ring cavity was examined with modulation frequencies of 1 kHz to 15 MHz, a maximum fractional advancement of 0.54 was achieved at 10 kHz, and a maximum negative group index of −9480 was demonstrated at 1 kHz.

DOI
10.1063/1.4852735

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Superluminal propagation at negative group velocity was demonstrated in a highly nonlinear fiber embedded in a Brillouin laser ring cavity. A maximum advancement of 369 ns and strong Stokes lasing power of 482 mW were achieved when the cavity was pumped with a 1 MHz sinusoidal wave modulated signal at power level of 1 W. The frequency dependence of fast light in this fiber ring cavity was examined with modulation frequencies of 1 kHz to 15 MHz. a maximum fractional advancement of 0.54 was achieved at 10 kHz and a maximum negative group index of - 9480 was demonstrated at 1 kHz.

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arXiv:1209.2863•Sep 13, 2012•0 citations
Superluminal propagation at negative group velocity was demonstrated in a highly nonlinear fiber embedded in a stimulated Brillouin scattering laser ring cavity. A maximum advancement of 369 ns and strong Stokes lasing power of 482 mW were observed when the cavity was pumped with a 1 MHz sinusoidal wave modulated signal at the power level of 1 W. The frequency dependence of fast light in this fiber ring cavity was examined with modulation frequencies of 1 kHz to 15 MHz, a maximum fractional advancement of 0.54 was achieved at 10 kHz, and a maximum negative group index of −9480 was demonstrated at 1 kHz.
Superluminal propagation at negative group velocity was demonstrated in a highly nonlinear fiber embedded in a Brillouin laser ring cavity. A maximum advancement of 369 ns and strong Stokes lasing power of 482 mW were achieved when the cavity was pumped with a 1 MHz sinusoidal wave modulated signal at power level of 1 W. The frequency dependence of fast light in this fiber ring cavity was examined with modulation frequencies of 1 kHz to 15 MHz. a maximum fractional advancement of 0.54 was achieved at 10 kHz and a maximum negative group index of - 9480 was demonstrated at 1 kHz.
We demonstrated the superluminal propagation at negative group velocity using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers. In the scheme, the Stokes wave is circulated back into the ring cavity for Brillouin lasing to enhance the peak loss. The experiment demonstrated the superluminal light propagation can be realized by increasing the input signal power. The largest time advancement of 221.2ns has been observed. Correspondingly, the negative group velocity is -0.15c and the group index is -6.636.
Highly efficient fast light propagation of optical pulse at negative group velocity was demonstrated in a single-mode tellurite fiber embedded in a Brillouin laser ring cavity. A maximum advancement of 385 ns and an average time advancement per unit power of 3.77 ns/mW were observed when the cavity was pumped with a 1-MHz sinusoidal wave signal at a power level of 102 mW. Pump loss of 7.9 dB was also monitored at the maximum fast light generation, showing an average slope efficiency of 48.7 ns/dB.
All-optical group velocity manipulation of light, so-called slow and fast light, has drawn extensive attention due to its potential applications in the fields of optical signal processing, light storage, light-matter interaction enhancement, hypersensitive sensing and temporal cloak. Tremendous approaches of slow and fast light generation have been widely demonstrated by the creation of the sharp spectral resonances in the past decade. Specifically, superluminal propagation (larger-than-light velocity c) through the optical media has been proposed and validated in anomalous dispersion media. One effective approach is employing stimulated Brillouin scattering to harness the narrowband spectral resonance and thus generate slow and fast light in the optical fiber. In particular, Brillouin lasing oscillation has been experimentally demonstrated to generate fast and superluminal propagation in ten-meter optical fibers. Afterwards, the propagating distance over hundreds of meters has been experimentally demonstrated by the suppression of multiple-longitudinal-mode operation. However, the delay-bandwidth product or the fractional advancement is still fundamentally limited in conventional fast and slow light system. For example, the maximum advancement as well as the fractional temporal advancement are practically restricted due to the Brillouin gain saturation and multiple longitudinal mode lasing operation under high pump power in the Brillouin lasing resonance-based fast and superluminal system. In this paper, we experimentally validate the extension of time advancement of superluminal propagation based on Brillouin lasing oscillation for the first time. By employing two stages of single-frequency Brillouin lasing fiber ring resonators, Stokes lasing resonance was effectively created in each fiber ring cavity to deliver Brillouin-induced loss resonance at the center frequency of pump, which essentially leads to fast light and superluminal propagation of the pump light. Consequently, Gaussian signal pulses with the pulse width of 500 ns experiences cascaded Brillouin-induced fast light and even negative group-velocity superluminal propagation. The temporal advancement was basically extended to 365.8 ns which is twice than that of single stage fast light and superluminal system. Correspondingly, the fractional advancement was increased from 0.36 to 0.73. The maximum group velocity was 6.3 times larger than the light speed c in vacuum while negative-group- velocity propagation can be found in the range of −9.9 to −0.2 by increasing the total input power from 593.2 to 812.0 mW. Furthermore, the group index can be manipulated in the range of 1.5 to −4.0 by simply varying the total input pump power. It indicates superluminal signals can be cascaded to essentially extend the propagation distance and enlarge the temporal advancement. The scheme exhibits robustness in cascading Brillouin spectral loss resonance for temporal advancement enhancement as well as propagating distance extension. More importantly, the cascading design could basically eliminate the fundamental limitation introduced by Brillouin gain saturation and multiple longitudinal lasing mode under high power operation in single stage Brillouin fast and superluminal system. Further optimization could also be implemented by utilizing the nonstandard specialty fibers as Brillouin gain medium to achieve an efficient Brillouin lasing resonance for an enhanced advancement efficiency. Additionally, the combination with the cascading technique and long-cavity single-frequency Brillouin lasing resonance could enable the feasibility of distance-limitless and large-advancement superluminal propagation, paving a way for promising applications in sensing and temporal cloak.
We report superluminal propagation in optical fibers using Brillouin lasing oscillation in a ring cavity. Negative group velocity propagation through a 10-m single mode fiber has been experimentally demonstrated. An advancement of 221.2 ns was observed before the input signal, which was achieved with a very high slope efficiency of 211.3 ns/dB. This indicates that this way is suitable for long-distance low-loss superluminal propagation via optical fibers. Correspondingly, the group velocity is -0.151c and the group index is -6.636-the highest group velocity ever reported for optical fibers.
We report the superluminal phenomenon of both Stokes and pump light in stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) via an optical-fiber ring lasing resonator. In our experiment, the superluminal generation of Stokes light firstly delayed with 33.79 ns and then propagated with the advancement of 93.34 ns within an 8-m single mode fiber (SMF), when the pump power increased from the SBS threshold to a higher power. This proves the first evidence that the optical interaction is determined by the group velocity even at the negative group velocity superluminal propagation. It is important that, this implies the possibility of superluminal information interchange because the results also indicate that the signal conversion between different wavelengths can be realized at the negative group velocity propagation.