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Physical Review A

Spin-mixing dynamics in a spin-1 atomic condensate coupled with a molecular condensate

Jing Cheng, Hui Jing, YiJing Yan

Published Jun 11, 2008• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the coherent spin-mixing dynamics in a spin-1 atomic condensate coupled with a molecular condensate. A model is proposed to include the photoassociation (PA) interaction in a spinor condensate. If only the ${m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1$ spin component can be converted into molecules, the combined dynamics of spin-mixing and PA can be described by nonlinearly coupled pendulums. We performed detailed numerical calculations on the antiferromagnetic spin-1 systems. We find the spin-mixing dynamics can be greatly controlled by the PA field. The PA field can enhance or suppress the period and amplitude of the spin oscillations, which provide more degrees of freedom to control the spin-mixing dynamics.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.061604

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We study the coherent spin-mixing dynamics in a spin-1 atomic condensate coupled with a molecular condensate. A model is proposed to include the photoassociation (PA) interaction in a spinor condensate. If only the mF=\ensuremath−1{m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1mF​=\ensuremath−1 spin component can be converted into molecules, the combined dynamics of spin-mixing and PA can be described by nonlinearly coupled pendulums. We performed detailed numerical calculations on the antiferromagnetic spin-1 systems. We find the spin-mixing dynamics can be greatly controlled by the PA field. The PA field can enhance or suppress the period and amplitude of the spin oscillations, which provide more degrees of freedom to control the spin-mixing dynamics.
Regular and irregular spin-mixing dynamics are studied in a spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupled with a molecular condensate. Based on the experimental photoassociation spectroscopy of 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb spin-1 atoms, a two-channel model is proposed, in which two zero-spin atoms can be associated with a molecular state via a laser field, and a pair of +1+1+1- and $\ensuremath{-}1$-spin atoms can also be associated with the same molecular state via the same laser field. We find that the spin-mixing dynamics can be manipulated by the laser field and a magnetic field. Both regular and irregular oscillations can be observed under different parameters. Using the Fourier transform analysis, the spin-mixing dynamics may be changed from the regular oscillation with localized spectral distributions to irregular oscillation with a broad spectral distribution.
We study the role in an external photoassociation light field in the spin mixing dynamics of a spin-one Bose condensate with long-range magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. The mean-field energy functional of the system is found to be formally identical to that of two coupled nonrigid pendulums, manifesting either constructive or destructive interferences. The interplay between photoassociation and the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction provides a novel route to the magneto-optical quantum control of atomic spin mixing in dipolar spinor condensates.
We study the coherent off-equilibrium spin mixing inside an atomic condensate. Using mean-field theory and adopting the single-spatial-mode approximation, the condensate spin dynamics is found to be well described by that of a nonrigid pendulum and displays a variety of periodic oscillations in an external magnetic field. Our results illuminate several recent experimental observations and provide critical insights into the observation of coherent interaction-driven oscillations in a spin-1 condensate.
Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is a phenomenon in which identical bosons occupy the same quantum state below a certain critical temperature. A hallmark of BEC is the coherence between particles every particle shares the same quantum wavefunction and phase. This coherence has been demonstrated for the external (motional) degrees of freedom of the atomic condensates by interfering two condensates. In this thesis, the coherence is shown to extend to the internal spin degrees of freedom of a spin-1 Bose gas evidenced by the observed coherent and reversible spin-changing collisions. The observed coherent dynamics are analogous to Josephson oscillations in weakly connected superconductors and represent a type of matter-wave four-wave mixing. Control of the coherent evolution of the system using magnetic fields is also demonstrated. The studies on spinor condensates begin by creating spinor condensates directly using all-optical approaches that were first developed in our laboratory. All-optical formation of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in 1D optical lattice and single focus trap geometries are developed and presented. These techniques offer considerable flexibility and speed compared to magnetic trap approaches, and the trapping potential can be essentially spin-independent and are ideally suited for studying spinor condensates. Using condensates with well-defined initial non-equilibrium spin configuration, spin mixing of F = 1 and F = 2 spinor condensates of rubidium-87 atoms confined in an optical trap is observed. The equilibrium spin configuration in the F = 1 manifold confirms that 87Rb is ferromagnetic. The coherent spinor dynamics are demonstrated by initiating spin mixing deterministically with a non-stationary spin population configuration. Finally, the interplay between the coherent spin mixing and spatial dynamics in spin-1 condensates with ferromagnetic interactions is investigated.
We show theoretically that it is possible to optically control domain formation in a spinor-1 87 Rb gas. A model is proposed to include the photoassociation (PA) interaction characterizing the symmetry breaking of M F = ±1 ferromagnetic condensate. We find that the dynamical process of the domain formation can be greatly controlled by the PA field. The PA field can enhance or suppress the spatial separation of domains, which can provide a flexible tool to modulate the domain structure and indicate an interesting research field of laser-catalyzed in spinor condensate.