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Physics of Atomic Nuclei

Intertwining operators and S matrix

G A Kerimov

Published Jun 1, 2002• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The class of one-dimensional many-body systems related to semisimple Lie groups G is studied. The Hamiltonians of these systems are expressed in terms of Casimir operators (or, equivalently, Laplace-Beltrami operators on symmetric spaces) of underlying symmetry groups G . It turns out that the S matrix for all these problems is related to the intertwining operators for groups G . This connection provides immediately the functional form of the S matrix. Moreover, this connection allows one to prove that multiparticle S -matrix elements can be expressed in terms of two-particle ones.

DOI
10.1134/1.1490106

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The class of one-dimensional many-body systems related to semisimple Lie groups G is studied. The Hamiltonians of these systems are expressed in terms of Casimir operators (or, equivalently, Laplace-Beltrami operators on symmetric spaces) of underlying symmetry groups G . It turns out that the S matrix for all these problems is related to the intertwining operators for groups G . This connection provides immediately the functional form of the S matrix. Moreover, this connection allows one to prove that multiparticle S -matrix elements can be expressed in terms of two-particle ones.
The exact solution of the interacting many-body system is important and is difficult to solve. In this paper, we introduce a group method to solve the interacting many-body problem using the relation between the permutation group and the unitary group. We prove a group theorem first, then using the theorem, we represent the Hamiltonian of the interacting many-body system by the Casimir operators of unitary group. The eigenvalues of Casimir operators could give the exact values of energy and thus solve those problems exactly. This method maps the interacting many-body system onto an intermediate statistical representation. We give the relation between the conjugacy-class operator of permutation group and the Casimir operator of unitary group in the intermediate statistical representation, called the Gentile representation. Bose and Fermi cases are two limitations of the Gentile representation. We also discuss the representation space of symmetric and unitary group in the Gentile representation and give an example of the Heisenberg model to demonstrate this method. It is shown that this method is effective to solve interacting many-body problems.
Matrix elements of two-body operators between many-particle permutational symmetry-adapted functions in hyperspherical coordinates are constructed. The matrix elements are evaluated using the appropriate hyperspherical coefficients of fractional parentage, the Raynal-Revai coefficients, and the hyperspherical recoupling coefficients. We use the power expansion of the two-body operators and obtain an analytic expression for the matrix element of each term. These expressions are studied numerically. The results allow precise evaluations of two-body matrix elements for few-body calculations in nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics.
The one- and two-body components of a centro symmetric Hamiltonian for a free ion taken as an example are cast into useful forms utilising equivalences based on the rotational properties of double tensor operators. Second-quantised number-conserving pairs may be expressed in terms of spin and orbital operators following the work of Stevens. The final result is expressed in a useful diagonal form in spin and orbital space by equating two-body matrix elements. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The problem of d-dimensional Schrödinger equations with a position-dependent mass is analyzed in the framework of first-order intertwining operators. With the pair (H,H1) of intertwined Hamiltonians one can associate another pair of secondorder partial differential operators (R,R1), related to the same intertwining operator and such that H (resp. H1) commutes with R (resp. R1). This property is interpreted in superalgebraic terms in the context of supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM). In the two-dimensional case, a solution to the resulting system of partial differential equations is obtained and used to build a physically-relevant model depicting a particle moving in a semi-infinite layer. Such a model is solved by employing either the commutativity of H with some second-order partial differential operator L and the resulting separability of the Schrödinger equation or that of H and R together with SUSYQM and shape-invariance techniques. The relation between both approaches is also studied.