An investigation into real structure of space allows solving in a new way the problem of stability of atom: an electron on the ground level is a rest. The absolute causality of all the phenomena in the Universe is substantiated. Heisenberg inequalities make some sense only when it is impossible to conjugated physical values. The work is concern with the mystery of interference and hyroscope.
An investigation into real structure of space allows solving in a new way the problem of stability of atom: an electron on the ground level is a rest. The absolute causality of all the phenomena in the Universe is substantiated. Heisenberg inequalities make some sense only when it is impossible to conjugated physical values. The work is concern with the mystery of interference and hyroscope.
What does not satisfy me in that theory [quantum mechanics], from the standpoint of principle, is its attitude towards that which appears to me to be the programmatic aim of all physics: the complete description of any (individual) real situation (as it supposedly exists irrespective of any act of observation or substantiation). Albert Einstein, Reply to Criticisms [This] implies the impossibility of any sharp separation between the behaviour of atomic objects and the interaction with the measuring instruments which serve to define the conditions under which the phenomena appear . In fact, the individuality of the typical quantum effects finds its proper expression in the circumstance that any attempt of subdividing the phenomena will demand a change in the experimental arrangement introducing new possibilities of interaction between objects and measuring instruments which in principle cannot be controlled. Consequently, evidence obtained under different experimental conditions cannot be comprehended within a single picture, but must be regarded as complementary in the sense that only the totality of the phenomena exhausts the possible information about the objects. Indeed the finite interaction between object and measuring agencies conditioned by the very existence of the quantum of action entails – because of the impossibility of controlling the reaction of the object on the measuring instruments, if these are to serve their purpose – the necessity of a final renunciation of the classical idea of causality and a radical revision of our attitude towards the problem of physical reality. […]
Causality, determinism, probability M r L orentz . – I should like to draw attention to the difficulties one encounters in the old theories. We wish to make a representation of the phenomena, to form an image of them in our minds. Until now, we have always wanted to form these images by means of the ordinary notions of time and space. These notions are perhaps innate; in any case, they have developed from our personal experience, by our daily observations. For me, these notions are clear and I confess that I should be unable to imagine physics without these notions. The image that I wish to form of phenomena must be absolutely sharp and definite, and it seems to me that we can form such an image only in the framework of space and time. For me, an electron is a corpuscle that, at a given instant, is present at a definite point in space, and if I had the idea that at a following moment the corpuscle is present somewhere else, I must think of its trajectory, which is a line in space. And if the electron encounters an atom and penetrates it, and after several incidents leaves the atom, I make up a theory in which the electron preserves its individuality; that is to say, I imagine a line following which the electron passes through the atom. Obviously, such a theory may be very difficult to develop, but a priori it does not seem to me impossible.
Abstract Fundamental concepts about the structure of matter have been analyzed based on cause-and-effect relations leading to the postulates of quantum mechanics. The interpretation of the characteristics of a vacuum as properties of a universal carrier medium in terms of fluid mechanics has made it possible to select consistent models of the basic objects of condensed matter. The development of concepts of the structure of the photon and electron has been supplemented by descriptions of the processes of their production and transformation. The nature of electric charges and the picture of their interaction through volumetric interference fields have been discussed. The details of the structure of the atom, the sizes of electron orbits, and the internal characteristics of some elementary particles have been clarified. The physical nature of the quantization of matter at different dimensional and energy levels has been determined. The proposed solutions to problems of a quantum can be useful for the range of physicists dealing with problems that are fundamentally unsolvable in traditional terms.
The objective of this article is to show how experimental discoveries in atomic physics are logically connected, and we land up with the consistent theoretical explanation to the structure and stability of the atom. It is also shown that Bohr’s correspondence principle and Erhenfest’s adiabatic invariant hypothesis act as a guiding rules to this route. As a generalization to Bohr’s quantum condition, the Wilson-Sommerfeld quantization condition for multi-periodic system is presented with a derivation.
This report provides a brief review of recently developed extended framework for fundamental physics, designated as Quantum Field Mechanics and including causally complete and intrinsically unified theory of explicitly emerging elementary particles, their inherent properties, quantum and relativistic behaviour, interactions and their results. Essential progress with respect to usual theory is attained due to the unreduced, nonperturbative analysis of arbitrary interaction process revealing a qualitatively new phenomenon of dynamic multivaluedness of interaction results and their dynamically entangled structure giving rise to universally defined dynamic complexity (physics/9806002) and absent in usual, always perturbative and dynamically single-valued models with the zero value of unreduced complexity (including substitutes used for "complexity", "chaoticity", "self-organisation", etc.). It is shown how the observed world structure, starting from elementary particles and their interactions, dynamically emerges from the unreduced interaction between two initially homogeneous, physically real protofields (quant-ph/9902015, quant-ph/9902016). In that way one avoids arbitrary imposition of abstract entities and unprovable postulates or "principles", let alone "mysteries", of conventional theory, which now obtain unified, consistent and realistic explanation in terms of unreduced dynamic complexity. We complete the description of fundamental world structure emergence and properties by an outline of experimental implications and resulting causally substantiated change of research strategy.
[I] think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics. Richard Feynman, The Character of Physical Law Quantum mechanics [is] that mysterious, confusing discipline, which none of us really understands but which we know how to use. It works perfectly, as far as we can tell, in describing physical reality, but it is a ‘counter-intuitive discipline’… Murray Gell-Mann, Questions for the Future [The quantum] postulate implies a renunciation as regards the causal space-time co-ordination of atomic processes. Niels Bohr, Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature It should be emphasized, however, that the probability function does not in itself represent a course of events in the course of time. It represents a tendency for events and our knowledge of events. The probability function can be connected with reality only if one essential condition is fulfilled: if a new measurement is made to determine a certain property of the system. [T]he idea of an objective real world whose smallest parts exist objectively in the same sense as stones or trees exist, independently of whether or not we observe them…is impossible … Werner Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy [In] quantum theory it is the principle of causality , or more accurately that of determinism , which must be dropped and replaced by something else.… We now have a new form of the law of causality.… It is as follows: if in a certain process the initial conditions are determined as accurately as the uncertainty relations permit, then the probabilities of all possible subsequent states are governed by exact laws. Max Born, The Restless Universe