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Applied Physics Letters

Temperature-dependent Rabi rotation in semiconductor quantum dots

Kuan‐Ming Hung, Wu Hong, K.-J. Su, Tung-Ho Shieh, K.-Y. Wu, Hao Cheng

Published Jun 21, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamics of exciton coupling to photons and LO-phonons in a three-level quantum-dot system is studied using the Wigner–Weisskopf approach. An analytical solution to the system for a rectangular driving pulse is derived, and the wave function of an exciton is found to form a unit vector directed to the surface of an S2 Bloch hemisphere. For long decoherence times, the vector traces out a temperature (T)-dependent Rabi circle with increase pulse area. An increase in T does not deform the Rabi circle but shrinks its radius. Accordingly, a diverse representational scheme is proposed. These properties expand scenarios to T-dependent regimes.

DOI
10.1063/1.3456547

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The dynamics of exciton coupling to photons and LO-phonons in a three-level quantum-dot system is studied using the Wigner–Weisskopf approach. An analytical solution to the system for a rectangular driving pulse is derived, and the wave function of an exciton is found to form a unit vector directed to the surface of an S2 Bloch hemisphere. For long decoherence times, the vector traces out a temperature (T)-dependent Rabi circle with increase pulse area. An increase in T does not deform the Rabi circle but shrinks its radius. Accordingly, a diverse representational scheme is proposed. These properties expand scenarios to T-dependent regimes.
A model of semiconductor quantum dots coupled to phonons and laser light, which is relevant in the limit of strong electronic confinement, is investigated. For an arbitrary sequence of excitations by ultrafast pulses, analytical solutions are obtained for all pertinent density-matrix elements. The results are nonperturbative with respect to the coupling to both phonons and laser light. The derivation depends neither on a particular choice of electronic wave functions nor on a particular wave-vector dependence of the phonon interaction or phonon dispersion. All components of the density matrix exhibit oscillatory dependences on the pulse areas of the exciting pulses analogously to the Rabi oscillations known from simple two-level systems. Three typical applications of the general results are worked out: (a) the influence of phonons on four-wave-mixing spectra, (b) the coherent control of electronic dot occupations in the presence of phonons, and (c) the dynamics of phonon correlations including the formation of a stable polaron spatially localized in the dot and the emission of a pulsed phonon wave packet that leaves the dot.
We study optically driven Rabi rotations of a quantum dot exciton transition between 5 and 50 K, and for pulse areas of up to 14π. In a high driving field regime, the decay of the Rabi rotations is nonmonotonic, and the period decreases with pulse area and increases with temperature. By comparing the experiments to a weak-coupling model of the exciton-phonon interaction, we demonstrate that the observed renormalization of the Rabi frequency is induced by fluctuations in the bath of longitudinal acoustic phonons, an effect that is a phonon analogy of the Lamb shift.
The dynamics of strongly confined laser driven semiconductor quantum dots coupled to phonons is studied theoretically by calculating the time evolution of the reduced density matrix using a numerical path integral method. We explore the cases of long pulses, strong dot-phonon and dot-laser coupling, and high temperatures, which, up to now, have been inaccessible. We find that the phonon-induced damping of Rabi rotations is a nonmonotonic function of the laser field that is increasing at low fields and decreasing at high fields. This results in a reappearance of Rabi rotations at high fields. This phenomenon is of a general nature which occurs for all temperatures and carrier-phonon coupling strengths.
The influence of electron-hole dipole-dipole interactions (local fields) on the excitonic Rabi oscillations in an isolated quantum dot (QD) has been theoretically investigated. An analysis for the QD interaction with monochromatic field and ultrashort Gaussian pulse has been performed. On the basis of optical Bloch equations the Rabi oscillation dynamics has been investigated. As a result, the bifurcation and essentially anharmonic regimes in the Rabi oscillations in a QD exposed to the monochromatic field have been predicted. The strong dependence of the period of Rabi oscillations on the QD depolarization has been revealed. For the Gaussian pulse it has been shown that the final state of inversion as a function of the pulse peak strength demonstrates step-like transitions.