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Physical Review Letters

Inhibition of Coherence in Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates

Ataç İmamoğlu, Maciej Lewenstein, Li You

Published Mar 31, 1997• 135 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the dependence of the collapse and revival of many-atom coherence of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate on the trap potential, dimensionality of the gas, and atom number fluctuations. We show that in a class of experimentally relevant systems the collapse time vanishes in the limit of a large number of atoms, implying that the trapped Bose gas cannot sustain a well-defined quantum phase.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.78.2511

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We analyze the dependence of the collapse and revival of many-atom coherence of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate on the trap potential, dimensionality of the gas, and atom number fluctuations. We show that in a class of experimentally relevant systems the collapse time vanishes in the limit of a large number of atoms, implying that the trapped Bose gas cannot sustain a well-defined quantum phase.
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We present an overview of our recent work describing the treatment of ultracold atomic Bose gases confined to two dimensions in a harmonic trap. We show how the gas goes through a number of regimes as the axially confining potential is increased and discuss the scattering properties of the gas in each of these regimes. We then use the formalism developed to investigate the phase-coherent Bose-Einstein condensate that is present in the trapped two-dimensional gas at temperatures that are low compared to the ideal gas critical temperature and to analyze the first-order coherence as a function of temperature. We identify the regime in which the gas loses its global phase coherence, although a macroscopic occupation of the ground state persists at a temperature well below the ideal gas critical temperature. We comment on the possible connection between this fluctuating regime and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase.
Abstract We report on the dynamics of a Bose–Einstein condensate in one and two dimensions driven by the time-dependent harmonic trapping potential. Without the inter-particle interaction, the condensate exhibits the coherent behavior with the time-oscillating density distribution. When the inter-particle interaction is taken into consideration, the phase fluctuations, the multi-peak structure of the density distribution, and the coherence revival phenomenon, apart from the well-studied density oscillation behavior, can be observed in the condensate. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that due to the dimensional restriction these effects are more stable in the two and three-dimensional system, if compared to the one-dimensional case.
Quantum evolution of a collective mode of a Bose-Einstein condensate containing a finite number N of particles can demonstrate the phenomena of collapses and revivals. The characteristic collapse time depends on the scattering length, the initial amplitude of the mode, and N. The corresponding time values have been derived analytically under certain approximations and numerically for the parabolic atomic trap. The revival of the mode amplitude at a time of several seconds, as direct evidence of the effect, can occur if the normal component is significantly suppressed.