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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Photoelectron angular correlation pattern in sequential two-photon double ionization of neon

Anatoli S. Kheifets

Published Jun 12, 2009• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We apply an angular momentum coupling formalism to describe the angular correlation pattern in sequential two-photon double ionization of neon. Comparison with previous work (Fritzsche et al 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 165601 ) reveals some important differences which are discussed in terms of various ionization mechanisms and their theoretical implementations in two alternative approaches.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/42/13/134016

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We apply an angular momentum coupling formalism to describe the angular correlation pattern in sequential two-photon double ionization of neon. Comparison with previous work (Fritzsche et al 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 165601 ) reveals some important differences which are discussed in terms of various ionization mechanisms and their theoretical implementations in two alternative approaches.
Angular correlations between two emitted photoelectrons in the sequential two-photon double ionization (TPDI) of atoms are theoretically considered. The general expression for the angular correlation function is analysed and some particular geometries of possible experiments are discussed. The concept of true angular correlations is introduced in contrast to the angular dependence of the two-electron emission from two uncorrelated ionization events. The case of a pure LS coupling description of the TPDI is considered in detail and compared with the general case. As an example, calculations of the angular correlation functions are performed and discussed for sequential TPDI from the 4p valence shell of krypton.
Calculated results for angular distribution and angular correlation of electrons produced in the process of two-photon double ionization of Xe are presented. In particular, a peculiar dependence of the angular distribution of the second step electrons on the alignment of the intermediate ionic state is predicted. The angular correlations of the electrons qualitatively depend on the term of the residual double charged ion. The results can be used in ongoing and future experiments with free-electron laser.
The Liouville representation is a formalism that describes quantum mechanical problems by using the space of density operators as kets and the space of observable operators as bras. It is useful for problems with complicated angular momentum coupling because it gives directly the probabilities and expectation values rather than probability amplitudes, so that some of the extended and tedious steps of the angular momentum algebra are eliminated. The graphical representation of angular momentum coupling has proved itself as another way to simplify and clarify calculations; graphical representation helps one to visualize the physics and simplifies and organizes the computations. By combining the graphical method and Liouville representation, we introduce a simple, transparent method to deal with problems of many coupled angular momenta. We use this formalism to derive the analytic expression for the angular distributions of photoelectrons. The angular distributions are represented by diagrams of density matrix and detector operators and a diagram of the transition matrix. The analytic expressions are then obtained from the diagrams by following simple general rules for the graphical reduction. A specific example, angular distributions of photoelectrons from resonant two-photon ionization of alkali atoms with hyperfine interaction, is also given.