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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Sub-cycle AC Stark Shift

Michael Chini, Baozhen Zhao, He Wang, Yan Cheng, S. X. Hu, Zenghu Chang

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By probing the optical Stark shifts induced by a few-cycle laser field using isolated attosecond pulses in a transient absorption scheme, we uncover a sub-cycle-laser-induced AC Stark shift in excited states of the helium atom.
DOI
10.1364/qels.2012.qtu3h.7

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Strong-field manipulation of autoionizing states is a crucial aspect of electronic quantum control. Recent measurements of the attosecond transient absorption spectrum (ATAS) of helium dressed by a few-cycle visible pulse [C. Ott et al , Nature 516, 374 (2014)] provide evidence of the inversion of Fano profiles. With the support of accurate ab-initio calculations that reproduce the results of the latter experiment, here we investigate the new physics that arise from ATAS when the laser intensity is increased. In particular, we show that (i) previously unnoticed signatures of the dark 2 p 2 1 S doubly excited state are observed in the experimental spectrum, (ii) inversion of Fano profiles is predicted to be periodic in the laser intensity, and (iii) the ac-Stark shift of the higher terms in the sp + 2, n autoionizing series exceeds the ponderomotive energy, which is the result of a genuine two-electron contribution to the polarization of the excited atom.
Strong-field manipulation of autoionizing states is a crucial aspect of electronic quantum control. Recent measurements of the attosecond transient absorption spectrum (ATAS) of helium dressed by a few-cycle visible pulse [C. Ott et al., Nature (London) 516, 374 (2014)] provide evidence of the inversion of Fano profiles. With the support of accurate ab initio calculations that reproduce the results of the latter experiment, here we investigate the new physics that arise from ATAS when the laser intensity is increased. In particular, we show that (i) previously unnoticed signatures of the dark 2p21S2{p}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}S2p21S doubly excited state are observed in the experimental spectrum, (ii) inversion of Fano profiles is predicted to be periodic in the laser intensity, and (iii) the ac Stark shift of the higher terms in the sp2,n+s{p}_{2,n}^{+}sp2,n+​ autoionizing series exceeds the ponderomotive energy, which is the result of a genuine two-electron contribution to the polarization of the excited atom.
Based on the numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation within the single-active-electron approximation, we propose a method for observing instantaneous atomic level shifts in an oscillating strong infrared (IR) field with sub-IR-cycle time resolution, by using a single tunable attosecond (SA) pulse to probe excited states of the perturbed atom. The ionization probability in the combined fields depends on both the frequency of the attosecond pulse and the time delay between both pulses, since the IR field periodically shifts SA-pulse-excited energy levels into and out of resonance.