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Frontiers of Physics

Coherent effects in a three-photon CPT process of Ca+

Qu Liu, Bao-Quan Ou, Xiwen Zhu, Kelin Gao

Published Apr 12, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Linewidth narrowing and other quantum coherent effects based on three-photon coherent population trapping (CPT) in Ca + ions are investigated. If the propagation directions of the three lasers obey the phase matching condition, the dark linewidth resulting from the CPT can be very narrow, and it can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the lasers.

DOI
10.1007/s11467-011-0160-9

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Linewidth narrowing and other quantum coherent effects based on three-photon coherent population trapping (CPT) in Ca + ions are investigated. If the propagation directions of the three lasers obey the phase matching condition, the dark linewidth resulting from the CPT can be very narrow, and it can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the lasers.
The authors significantly extend the optical technique of coherent population trapping (CPT) using three photons, based on a dark resonance of trapped Ca+{}^{+}+ ions. CPT with three photons is an important approach for high-precision measurements, as it opens up the use of large ensembles of trapped ions, rather than individual atoms. Furthermore, an atomic terahertz frequency reference based on three visible lasers can be derived from this technique. Terahertz spectroscopy is a rapidly growing field with a host of applications, and recent studies point to a clear need for frequency standards in this range.
The dependence of the width of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance on the atomic interaction time is studied theoretically. The optical Bloch equations are solved for the Hanle/CPT schemes corresponding to the open ${F}_{g}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}$ transitions of the sodium D1{D}_{1}D1​ line interacting with linearly polarized laser light. The mechanism producing the narrowing of the Hanle/CPT resonance is examined, the role of the population losses is pointed out, and the law describing the narrowing of the width of the resonance with the interaction time is determined. Our results are compared with the Hanle/CPT linewidth dependence on the interaction time occurring for a closed optical transition.
We investigate experimentally and theoretically the coherent population trapping (CPT) effect occurring in 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ line due to the interaction with linearly polarized laser light ($\text{lin}\ensuremath{\parallel}\text{lin}$ CPT). In this configuration, the coherence is strongly influenced by the structure of the excited state; consequently, the quantum interference between dark states is an essential feature of this interaction scheme. We study the $\text{lin}\ensuremath{\parallel}\text{lin}$ CPT resonance as a function of the laser optical detuning. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results allows us to quantify the contribution from different dark states to the total signal. Based on these results, we investigate the signal depending on both the pressure broadening of the optical transition and the laser linewidth, and we find in which conditions the laser linewidth does not degrade the $\text{lin}\ensuremath{\parallel}\text{lin}$ CPT resonance.
We have studied the effects of the intensity difference of the two laser fields on the performance of the coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clocks. Our experimental results show that there is a ratio range for the intensity of the two laser fields, between 1:2 and 2:1, in which the CPT resonance has larger amplitude and narrower line width. If we can adjust the ratio close to the center (1: 1), the signal quality (ratio of amplitude to line width) of CPT resonance will be efficiently improved. Our results also show that using full hyperfine frequency to modulate the laser has its advantages.