Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Creation of “dark-soliton” atoms

J. C. Martinez

Published Sep 22, 2011• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Dark solitons are thought to always repel so that bound states of dark solitons do not form. We show that quantum fluctuations of the background induce attractive forces between dark optical solitons. We clarify the nature of these fluctuations. Together with the repulsive potential, this attractive force creates a potential similar to that in a diatomic molecule which allows for the formation of bound pairs of dark solitons. Such pairs can be useful in the creation of notch arrays and crystal-like structures.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/96/14007

Related papers

Quantum Decay of Dark Solitons

Dimitri M. Gangardt, Alex Kamenev

Unless protected by the exact integrability, solitons are subject to dissipative forces, originating from a thermally fluctuating background. At low enough temperatures T background fluctuations should be considered as being quantized which enables us to calculate finite lifetime of the solitons τ∼T(-4). We also find that the coherent nature of the quantum fluctuations leads to long-range interactions between the solitons mediated by the superradiation. Our results are of relevance to current experiments with ultracold atoms, while the approach may be extended to solitons in other media.

arXiv:0908.4513•Physical Review Letters•May 12, 2010•53 citations

Creation of gap solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates

O. Zobay, Sierk Pötting, Pierre Meystre +1 more

We discuss a method to launch gap solitonlike structures in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in optical traps. Bright vector solitons consisting of a superposition of two hyperfine Zeeman sublevels can be created for both attractive and repulsive interactions between the atoms. Their formation relies on the dynamics of the atomic internal ground states in two far-off-resonance counterpropagating $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$-polarized laser beams that form the optical trap. Numerical simulations show that these solitons can be prepared from a one-component state provided with an initial velocity.

arXiv:cond-mat/9805228•Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1999•127 citations

Theory of dark optical solitons

J. C. Martinez, Paul M.E. Shutler, A. Toon

We study the quantum fluctuations about a dark soliton generated in a photon fluid confined in a Kerr-effect nonlinear microcavity. Semiclassical quantization imposes quantization conditions that lend a particle interpretation to the fluctuations. A Bogoliubov–de Gennes analysis complements this view by yielding the single-particle energies and wave functions. The zero modes are found to correspond to the background while the scattering solutions to the notch. We compute the mass associated with the soliton.

Journal of Applied Physics•Aug 15, 2008•3 citations

Quantum many-body dynamics of dark solitons in optical lattices

Ryan V. Mishmash, Ippei Danshita, Charles W. Clark +1 more

We present a fully quantum many-body treatment of dark solitons formed by ultracold bosonic atoms in one-dimensional optical lattices. Using time-evolving block decimation to simulate the single-band Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, we consider the quantum dynamics of density and phase engineered dark solitons as well as the quantum evolution of mean-field dark solitons injected into the quantum model. The former approach directly models how one may create quantum entangled dark solitons in experiment. While we have already presented results regarding the latter approach elsewhere [R. V. Mishmash and L. D. Carr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 140403 (2009)], we expand upon those results in this work. In both cases, quantum fluctuations cause the dark soliton to fill in and may induce an inelasticity in soliton-soliton collisions. Comparisons are made to the Bogoliubov theory which predicts depletion into an anomalous mode that fills in the soliton. Our many-body treatment allows us to go beyond the Bogoliubov approximation and calculate explicitly the dynamics of the system's natural orbitals.

arXiv:0906.4949•Physical Review A•Nov 13, 2009•54 citations

Nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of atomic dark solitons

Andrew D. Martin, Janne Ruostekoski

We study quantum dynamics of bosonic atoms that are excited to form a phase kink, or several kinks, by an imprinting potential in a one-dimensional trap. We calculate dissipation due to quantum and thermal fluctuations in soliton trajectories, collisions and the core structure. Single-shot runs show weak filling of a soliton core, typically deeper solitons in the case of stronger fluctuations and spreading/disappearing solitons due to collisions. We also analyze a soliton system in an optical lattice that shows especially strong fluctuation-induced phenomena.

arXiv:1001.3385•New Journal of Physics•May 28, 2010•43 citations

Bright solitons in Bose-Fermi mixtures

Tomasz Karpiuk, Mirosław Brewczyk, Kazimierz Rza̧żewski

We consider the formation of bright solitons in a mixture of Bose and Fermi degenerate gases confined in a three-dimensional elongated harmonic trap. The Bose and Fermi atoms are assumed to effectively attract each other whereas bosonic atoms repel each other. Strong enough attraction between bosonic and fermionic components can change the character of the interaction within the bosonic cloud from repulsive to attractive making thus possible the generation of bright solitons in the mixture. On the other hand, such structures might be in danger due to the collapse phenomenon existing in attractive gases. We show, however, that under some conditions (defined by the strength of the Bose-Fermi components attraction) the structures which neither spread nor collapse can be generated. For elongated enough traps the formation of solitons is possible even at the ``natural'' value of the mutual Bose-Fermi ($^{87}\mathrm{Rb}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{40}\mathrm{K}$ in our case) scattering length.

arXiv:cond-mat/0601350•Physical Review A•May 3, 2006•38 citations
Dark solitons are thought to always repel so that bound states of dark solitons do not form. We show that quantum fluctuations of the background induce attractive forces between dark optical solitons. We clarify the nature of these fluctuations. Together with the repulsive potential, this attractive force creates a potential similar to that in a diatomic molecule which allows for the formation of bound pairs of dark solitons. Such pairs can be useful in the creation of notch arrays and crystal-like structures.
Unless protected by the exact integrability, solitons are subject to dissipative forces, originating from a thermally fluctuating background. At low enough temperatures T background fluctuations should be considered as being quantized which enables us to calculate finite lifetime of the solitons τ∼T(-4). We also find that the coherent nature of the quantum fluctuations leads to long-range interactions between the solitons mediated by the superradiation. Our results are of relevance to current experiments with ultracold atoms, while the approach may be extended to solitons in other media.
We discuss a method to launch gap solitonlike structures in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in optical traps. Bright vector solitons consisting of a superposition of two hyperfine Zeeman sublevels can be created for both attractive and repulsive interactions between the atoms. Their formation relies on the dynamics of the atomic internal ground states in two far-off-resonance counterpropagating $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$-polarized laser beams that form the optical trap. Numerical simulations show that these solitons can be prepared from a one-component state provided with an initial velocity.
We study the quantum fluctuations about a dark soliton generated in a photon fluid confined in a Kerr-effect nonlinear microcavity. Semiclassical quantization imposes quantization conditions that lend a particle interpretation to the fluctuations. A Bogoliubov–de Gennes analysis complements this view by yielding the single-particle energies and wave functions. The zero modes are found to correspond to the background while the scattering solutions to the notch. We compute the mass associated with the soliton.
We present a fully quantum many-body treatment of dark solitons formed by ultracold bosonic atoms in one-dimensional optical lattices. Using time-evolving block decimation to simulate the single-band Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, we consider the quantum dynamics of density and phase engineered dark solitons as well as the quantum evolution of mean-field dark solitons injected into the quantum model. The former approach directly models how one may create quantum entangled dark solitons in experiment. While we have already presented results regarding the latter approach elsewhere [R. V. Mishmash and L. D. Carr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 140403 (2009)], we expand upon those results in this work. In both cases, quantum fluctuations cause the dark soliton to fill in and may induce an inelasticity in soliton-soliton collisions. Comparisons are made to the Bogoliubov theory which predicts depletion into an anomalous mode that fills in the soliton. Our many-body treatment allows us to go beyond the Bogoliubov approximation and calculate explicitly the dynamics of the system's natural orbitals.
We study quantum dynamics of bosonic atoms that are excited to form a phase kink, or several kinks, by an imprinting potential in a one-dimensional trap. We calculate dissipation due to quantum and thermal fluctuations in soliton trajectories, collisions and the core structure. Single-shot runs show weak filling of a soliton core, typically deeper solitons in the case of stronger fluctuations and spreading/disappearing solitons due to collisions. We also analyze a soliton system in an optical lattice that shows especially strong fluctuation-induced phenomena.
We consider the formation of bright solitons in a mixture of Bose and Fermi degenerate gases confined in a three-dimensional elongated harmonic trap. The Bose and Fermi atoms are assumed to effectively attract each other whereas bosonic atoms repel each other. Strong enough attraction between bosonic and fermionic components can change the character of the interaction within the bosonic cloud from repulsive to attractive making thus possible the generation of bright solitons in the mixture. On the other hand, such structures might be in danger due to the collapse phenomenon existing in attractive gases. We show, however, that under some conditions (defined by the strength of the Bose-Fermi components attraction) the structures which neither spread nor collapse can be generated. For elongated enough traps the formation of solitons is possible even at the ``natural'' value of the mutual Bose-Fermi ($^{87}\mathrm{Rb}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{40}\mathrm{K}$ in our case) scattering length.