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Applied Physics B

Localization of atoms in light fields: Optical molasses, adiabatic compression and squeezing

Stephan Marksteiner, R. Walser, P. Marte, P. Zoller

Published Jan 1, 1995• 27 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01135856

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We present new techniques in cooling 39 K atoms using laser light close to the D1 transition.First, a new compressed-MOT configuration is taking advantage of gray-molasses-type cooling induced by blue-detuned D1 light.It yields an optimized density of atoms.Then, we use pure D1 gray molasses to further cool the atoms to an ultra-low temperature of 6 μK.The resulting phase-space density is 2 × 10 -4 and will ease future experiments with ultracold potassium.As an example, we use it to directly load up to 3 × 10 7 atoms in a far detuned optical trap, a result that opens the way to the all-optical production of potassium degenerate gases.
In this paper, we introduce the design of our new fountain clock NIM6. Besides some improvements on the vacuum system, Ramsey cavity to reduce the Type B uncertainty, NIM6 collects atoms from a MOT loading optical molasses to get a better signal to noise ratio. The atom density will be more uniform compared to a 2D MOT loading optical molasses, and the diameter of the cloud can be adjusted by the intensity and detuning of lights during the post cooling after MOT to keep the collisional shift low. Cs atoms are collected in the lower MOT chamber for 0.5 second, and then the MOT magnetic field is turned down. Atoms are accelerated for 1 ms in a moving molasses, and further cooled for another 1.5 ms by adiabatically reducing the cooling beam intensities and red offsetting the frequencies.
Researchers in Germany and France have bound neutral atoms in regular two- and three-dimensional lattices induced by the interference patterns of several laser beams. The work builds on the techniques of magnetooptical trapping and sub-Doppler laser cooling and on previous work in which atoms were bound in onedimensional standing waves of light. The fields of light in these techniques are called optical molasses, because atoms within them experience viscous forces, which cool the atoms to temperatures on the order of microkelvins. In the new, “crystalline” molasses, the standing waves produce a stable, regular array of potential wells—a microscopic “egg carton”— and the atoms become localized at the bottoms of the wells.