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Optics Communications

Observation of a spectral hole due to population oscillations in a homogeneously broadened optical absorption line

Lloyd W. Hillman, Robert W. Boyd, Jerzy S. Krasiński, Carlos R. Stroud

Published May 1, 1983• 123 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(83)90303-6

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Observation of Ultraslow Light Propagation in a Ruby Crystal at Room Temperature

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We have observed slow light propagation with a group velocity as low as 57.5+/-0.5 m/s at room temperature in a ruby crystal. A quantum coherence effect, coherent population oscillations, produces a very narrow spectral "hole" in the homogeneously broadened absorption profile of ruby. The resulting rapid spectral variation of the refractive index leads to a large value of the group index. We observe slow light propagation both for Gaussian-shaped light pulses and for amplitude modulated optical beams in a system that is much simpler than those previously used for generating slow light.

Physical Review Letters•Mar 21, 2003•694 citations
We show that coherent population oscillations effect allows us to burn a narrow spectral hole (26 Hz) within the homogeneous absorption line of the optical transition of an erbium ion-doped crystal. The large dispersion of the index of refraction associated with this hole permits us to achieve a group velocity as low as 2.7 m/s with a transmission of 40%. We especially benefit from the inhomogeneous absorption broadening of the ions to tune both the transmission coefficient, from 40% to 90%, and the light group velocity from 2.7 m/s to 100 m/s.
The theory of pump-probe experiments is examined using the nonlinear optical susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$. The results of this calculation are shown to differ from those based on a commonly employed heuristic model of pump-probe experiments which assumes that the pump beam "prepares" the system which the probe beam subsequently monitors. This model consequently accounts only for processes where the interactions with the pump field come first in time. The correct expression for the probe absorption line shape as predicted by $\mathrm{Im}{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ contains a sum over all the possible time orderings of the various radiative interactions. The interference terms missing from the simplified treatment are shown to account for the spectral hole in homogeneously broadened lines observed recently [L. W. Hillman et al., Opt. Commun. 45, 416 (1983)]. In addition we derive a generalized expression for ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ that is valid away from the impact limit and contains a realistic population relaxation (T1{T}_{1}T1​) matrix.
We have observed slow light propagation with a group velocity as low as 57.5+/-0.5 m/s at room temperature in a ruby crystal. A quantum coherence effect, coherent population oscillations, produces a very narrow spectral "hole" in the homogeneously broadened absorption profile of ruby. The resulting rapid spectral variation of the refractive index leads to a large value of the group index. We observe slow light propagation both for Gaussian-shaped light pulses and for amplitude modulated optical beams in a system that is much simpler than those previously used for generating slow light.