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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Time Accuracy for Superposition of Coherent States in Quantum Clock Synchronization

Duan Xie, Jinye Peng, Jian Guang Zhao

Published Jul 17, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-012-1249-9

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Previous researches show that the quantum clock synchronization can achieve a high accuracy in noise-free channel. However, there is much noise in actual channel. The noise may introduce some errors during synchronization. The paper study the accuracy in two noisy channels: Bit flip channel and Phase flip channel. We find the pollution channel may usually degrade time accuracy. And the accuracy of Phase flip may be worse than accuracy of Bit flip. In some pollution case, quantum clock synchronization does not provide any valuable time information.
Based on the second-order quantum interference between frequency entangled photons that are generated by parametric down conversion, a quantum strategic algorithm for synchronizing two spatially separated clocks has been recently presented. In the reference frame of a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer, photon correlations are used to define simultaneous events. Once the HOM interferometer is balanced by use of an adjustable optical delay in one arm, arrival times of simulta- neously generated photons are recorded by each clock. The clock offset is determined by correlation measurement of the recorded arrival times. Utilizing this algorithm, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment for synchronizing two clocks separated by 4 km fiber link. A minimum timing stability of 0.44 ps at averaging time of 16000 s is achieved with an absolute time accuracy of 73.2 ps. The timing stability is verified to be limited by the correlation measurement device and ideally can be better than 10 fs. Such results shine a light to the application of quantum clock synchronization in the real high-accuracy timing system.
Abstract A protocol for multipartite quantum clock synchronization is performed under the influence of Unruh thermal noise. The dynamics of multipartite quantum system consisting of Unruh–DeWitt detectors when one of the detectors is accelerated are obtained. To estimate the time difference between the clocks, the time probability is calculated and how the probability is influenced by the Unruh thermal noise and other factors is analyzed. It is shown that both relativistic motion and interaction between the atom and the external scalar field affect the choice of optimal number of excited atoms in the initial state, which leads to a higher clock adjustment accuracy. Time probabilities for different types of initial states approach the same value in the limit of infinite acceleration, while tend to different minimums with increasing number of atoms. In addition, the accuracy of clock synchronization using a pair of entangled clocks in two‐party system is always higher than in a multipartite system, while the optimal Z‐type multipartite initial state always performs better than the W‐type state.