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Chinese Physics B

Variation of photoabsorption cross section of atomic silver from isolated to condensed conditions

Xiao‐Guang Ma, Gong Yu-Bing, Qu Zhao-Jun

Published Mar 17, 2009• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The influence of the local-field on the photoabsorption cross section of the atomic silver is studied in detail by using the Clausius–Mossotti (CM) model and the Onsager model separately. The variations of the photoabsorption cross section of atomic silver with number density and radius of the environmental interaction cavity are studied systematically by using more general expressions for the photoabsorption cross sections, proposed by Sun et al recently. It has proved to be reasonable to model the optical response properties of bulky material by coupling the property of isolated atom with the environmental effects in the present work.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/18/4/027

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Introduction

Charles M. Bowden, Mark J. Bloemer

Local field effects that occur due to dipole-dipole interactions have been vigorously investigated since the initial works of Lorentz[1] and Lorenz[2]. Linear interactions of light in condensed matter and dense gases are manifest in the Clausius-Mossotti relations[3], and nonlinear effects have been known for some time[4]. Generalized Maxwell-Bloch formulation incorporating local field effects[5, 6] has stimulated considerable theoretical development and predictions, but to date few experiments have been performed. Several experiments, however, have addressed key issues stemming from various theoretical developments. Boyd and coworkers have observed local field induced spectral red shifts in rubidium vapor[7], and Rand and coworkers have observed intrinsic bistability due to local field effects in a crystal lattice highly doped with rare earth ions[8]. Most recently, Eliel and coworkers have studied local field effects in very high density metal vapors[9], and find novel cooperative effects and excitation dependent line narrowing. The papers presented in this Focus Issue are indicative of the currently increasing interest and activity in this field.

Optics Express•Sep 15, 1997•1 citation
The influence of the local-field on the photoabsorption cross section of the atomic silver is studied in detail by using the Clausius–Mossotti (CM) model and the Onsager model separately. The variations of the photoabsorption cross section of atomic silver with number density and radius of the environmental interaction cavity are studied systematically by using more general expressions for the photoabsorption cross sections, proposed by Sun et al recently. It has proved to be reasonable to model the optical response properties of bulky material by coupling the property of isolated atom with the environmental effects in the present work.
The evolution of the photoabsorption cross sections of atomic xenon with number densities varying from ideal gas to condensed matter has been studied by an alternative view in the present work. The alternative expressions of the photoabsorption cross sections presented by Sun et al recently were used with the local field models that has proven to be generalized easily to multiatomic systems including molecules and condensed phase systems. The present results show that the variation of the photoabsorption cross sections of atomic xenon in the giant resonance region from the isolated to the condensed conditions is very small, which agrees well with the variation law of the solid and gas experiments.
A new expression for photoionization cross section has been proposed based on the Beer_Lambert's law and Maxwell equations for a material.And we also proposed a function varying with the number density of the system,which includes the local field effect and the higher_order dielectric correction to the famous formula for photoionization cross section of isolated atoms,proposed by Fano and Cooper in 1968The photoionization cross sections of solid xenon have been studied by using this alternative expression which couples the macroproperty and the quantum quantity of the photoionization system,and which makes it possible for one to study the influence of induced dipoles on the photoionization.The dielectric behaviors of the matter in condensed state under several physical conditions (given the complex dielectric constants or the model of electric susceptibility of the system) are considered using our new expression for photoionization cross sections.The results show that it is reasonable in physics to calculate the cross sections of atoms in a real system by using the accurate expression.Furthermore,the more correct the model of electric susceptibility for the real system,the more accurate the cross section obtained from our formula will be.
The strong interatomic interaction effects on photoabsorption cross sections of a private atom have been interpreted by the contribution of both the real and imaginary parts of atomic polarizability in the present work. Some unresolved differences between the photoabsorption cross sections of isolated atoms and those of condensed atoms, especially near thresholds and resonances, probably could be interpreted by the competition between the imaginary and real parts of atomic frequency-dependent polarizabilities.
The response function of atoms is derived approximately within the framework of the time-dependent Hartree scheme for external fields of wavelength large compared to atomic dimensions. Solutions of the resulting dispersion equation correspond to new resonances of atoms. The theory is discussed in terms of the properties of the differential oscillator-strength distribution, or photoabsorption cross section, for the Hartree model and for the statistical model of the atom. An illustrative calculation in the statistical approximation exhibits qualitatively the conditions for the occurrence of these resonances.
The influence of the local-field correction on the strong atom-field coupling regime are investigated using the real-cavity model. The atom is positioned at the center of a multilayer sphere. Three types of mirrors are considered: perfectly reflecting, Lorentz band gap, and Bragg-distributed ones, with special emphasis on experimental practicability. In particular, the influence of the local field on the spectral resonance lines, the Rabi oscillation frequency and decay rate, and the condition indicating the occurrence of the strong-coupling regime are studied in detail. It is shown that the local-field correction gives rise to a structureless plateau in the density of states of the electromagnetic field. The level of the plateau rises with increasing material density and/or absorption, which may eventually destroy the strong-coupling regime. The effect of the local field is especially pronounced at high-material densities due to direct energy transfer from the guest atom to the medium. At lower material density and/or absorption, variation of the material density does not seem to affect much the strong-coupling regime, except for a small shift in the resonance frequency.
Local field effects that occur due to dipole-dipole interactions have been vigorously investigated since the initial works of Lorentz[1] and Lorenz[2]. Linear interactions of light in condensed matter and dense gases are manifest in the Clausius-Mossotti relations[3], and nonlinear effects have been known for some time[4]. Generalized Maxwell-Bloch formulation incorporating local field effects[5, 6] has stimulated considerable theoretical development and predictions, but to date few experiments have been performed. Several experiments, however, have addressed key issues stemming from various theoretical developments. Boyd and coworkers have observed local field induced spectral red shifts in rubidium vapor[7], and Rand and coworkers have observed intrinsic bistability due to local field effects in a crystal lattice highly doped with rare earth ions[8]. Most recently, Eliel and coworkers have studied local field effects in very high density metal vapors[9], and find novel cooperative effects and excitation dependent line narrowing. The papers presented in this Focus Issue are indicative of the currently increasing interest and activity in this field.