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Physica status solidi. C, Conferences and critical reviews/Physica status solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics

A study of electromagnetic induced transparency in dispersive band gap materials

Mahi R. Singh

Published May 1, 2005• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We study the electromagnetically induced transparency in dispersive band gap materials when an ensemble of non-interacting four-level atoms is doped. The system is interacting with a pump field, a probe field and a reservoir. The method of master equation and Lap lace transform has been used in calculating the expression for the susceptibility. Numerical simulations are performed on the susceptibility in dispersive band gap material (i.e. SiC). The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency has been predicted in SiC. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

DOI
10.1002/pssc.200460726

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We study the electromagnetically induced transparency in dispersive band gap materials when an ensemble of non-interacting four-level atoms is doped. The system is interacting with a pump field, a probe field and a reservoir. The method of master equation and Lap lace transform has been used in calculating the expression for the susceptibility. Numerical simulations are performed on the susceptibility in dispersive band gap material (i.e. SiC). The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency has been predicted in SiC. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency has been studied when a four-level atom is located in a photonic band gap material. Quantum interference is introduced by driving the two upper levels of the atom with a strong pump laser field. The top level and one of the ground levels are coupled by a weak probe laser field and absorption takes place between these two states. The susceptibility due to the absorption for this transition has been calculated by using the master equation method in linear response theory. Numerical simulations are performed for the real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility for a photonic band gap material whose gap-midgap ratio is 21%. It is found that when resonance frequencies lie within the band, the medium becomes transparent under the action of the strong pump laser field. More interesting results are found when one of the resonance frequencies lies at the band edge and within the band gap. When the resonance frequency lies at the band edge, the medium becomes nontransparent even under a strong pump laser field. On the other hand, when the resonance frequency lies within the band gap, the medium becomes transparent even under a weak pump laser field. In summary, we found that the medium can be transformed from the transparent state to the nontransparent state just by changing the location of the resonance frequency. We call these two effects anomalous electromagnetically induced transparency.
The susceptibility has been calculated for a photonic crystal in the presence of spontaneous cancellation and dipole–dipole interaction. The crystal is densely doped with an ensemble of four-level nano-particles in Y-type configuration. Probe and a pump laser fields are applied to manipulate the absorption coefficient of the system. The expression of the susceptibility has been calculated in the linear response regime of the probe field but nonlinear terms are included for the pump field. It is found that in the presence of spontaneous emission cancellation there is an increase in the height of the two absorption peaks however the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is not affected. On the other hand, there is a change in the height and location of the two peaks in the presence of dipole–dipole interactions. For certain values the particle density of the system can be switched from the EIT state to the non-EIT state. It is also found that when the resonance energies for two spontaneous emission channels lie close to the band edge, the EIT phenomenon disappears.
A theory of photon trapping has been developed in photonic band-gap (PBG) and dispersive polaritonic band-gap (DPBG) materials doped with an ensemble of five-level atoms. These materials have gaps in their photon energy spectra. The atoms are prepared as coherent superpositions of the two lower states and interact with a reservoir and two photon fields. They also interact with each other by dipole-dipole interaction. The Schrödinger equation and the Laplace transform method are used to calculate the expressions for the number densities of the atomic states. Numerical simulations for a PBG material reveal that when the resonance energies lie away from the band edges and within the lower or upper bands, trapping is observed at certain values of the relative Rabi frequency associated with the two fields, which vary depending on the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms. Also, if the photon fields are held constant, the population densities of the excited states of the atoms increase with increasing dipole-dipole interaction. These are very interesting phenomena. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
We have studied the nonlinear susceptibility in dispersive polaritonic band-gap (DPBG) materials in the presence of five-level impurity atoms. Initially, the atom is prepared in a coherent superposition of two levels |b〉 and |c〉. The levels |b〉 and |c〉 are coupled to the upper level |a〉 with a coherent laser field. The nonlinear susceptibility has been calculated corresponding to transitions |a〉 → |c〉 and |a〉 → |b〉 using the equation of motion for the density matrix. The atomic system is interacting with the polariton reservoir. The effect of atom-polariton reservoir coupling on the imaginary part of the nonlinear susceptibility has been studied when the resonance energy lies in lower band of the polariton spectrum. It is found that by shifting the resonance energy away from the band edge, the system goes to the probe gain state. It is also found that by changing the intensity of the coherent laser field, the system switches from gain to loss state and vice-versa. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)