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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Engineering maximally entangledN-photon NOON field states using an atom interferometer based on Bragg regime cavity QED

Rameez‐ul‐Islam, Manzoor Ikram, Farhan Saif

Published Mar 9, 2007• 44 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for generation of highly non-classical entangled field states of the type in the cavity QED scenario. The scheme utilizes an atomic analogue of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer having a quantized field in the high- Q cavity containing a superposition of zero and one photon that acts as the first beam splitter. The probability for production of the desired states may approach a value close to unity with high fidelity under prevailing experimental conditions.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/40/7/005

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We propose a potentially practical scheme to generate two-atom maximally entangled states by the large-detuning interaction between two three-level Λ-type atoms and coherent optical fields. Conditioned on the results of detecting cavity field, four pairs of atomic maximally entangled states with unity fidelity and high successful probability can be prepared. We also investigate the influence of the cavity dissipation on the generated entangled states and discuss the experimental feasibility of our scheme.
The problem of on-demand generation of entanglement between single-atom qubits via a common photonic channel is examined within the framework of optical interferometry. As expected, for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with coherent laser beam as input, a high-finesse optical cavity is required to overcome sensitivity to spontaneous emission. We show, however, that with a twin-Fock input, useful entanglement can in principle be created without cavity enhancement. Both approaches require single-photon resolving detectors, and best results would be obtained by combining both cavity feedback and twin-Fock inputs. Such an approach may allow a fidelity of 0.99 using a two-photon input and currently available mirror and detector technology. In addition, we study interferometers based on NOON states, i.e., maximally entangled NNN-particle states, and show that they perform similarly to the twin-Fock states, yet without the need for high-precision photodetectors. The present interferometrical approach can serve as a universal, scalable circuit element for quantum information processing, from which fast quantum gates, deterministic teleportation, entanglement swapping, etc., can be realized with the aid of single-qubit operations.
We propose a bootstrapping approach to generation of maximally path-entangled states of photons, so called ``NOON states'', achievable within the current experimental technology. Strong atom-light interaction of cavity QED can be employed to generate NOON states with about 100 photons; which can then be used to boost the existing experimental Kerr nonlinearities based on quantum coherence effects to facilitate NOON generation with arbitrarily large number of photons. We also offer an alternative scheme that uses an atom-cavity dispersive interaction to obtain sufficiently high Kerr-nonlinearity necessary for arbitrary NOON generation.