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Physical Review A

3He impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate

P. Capuzzi, E. Susana Hernández, M. Barranco

Published Jul 13, 2000• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze a configuration consisting of a ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ droplet inmersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate at $T\ensuremath{\approx}0.$ We investigate the stationary density and oscillations of the condensate, as well as the dynamics of the droplet in the frame of a simple model. Our paper takes into account the actual interaction potential between the ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and condensate atoms and reveals the stability of the dynamics of a small ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ droplet inside the condensate.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.62.023603

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We theoretically consider the properties of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with a vortex. Our theory includes the influence of the leading order quantum fluctuation corrections which allows the condensate to stabilize into a droplet state in the regime of dominant dipole interactions. We develop numerical techniques to accurately and efficiently calculate the stationary vortex states and the quasi-particle excitations. These methods are carefully benchmarked where possible. We make a brief study of self-bound vortex droplets, considering their basic properties, and presenting a phase diagram for where they exist. We also compare our calculations to results which appeared from another group during our research. We show that their results suffer from serious numerical issues and are unreliable. We focus on studying the properties of a vortex line in an elongated dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a prolate trap. Increasing the strength of the dipole-dipole interactions relative to the short ranged contact interactions we find that the system crosses over to a self-bound vortex droplet stabilized from collapse by quantum fluctuations. We calculate the quasiparticle excitation spectrum of the vortex state, which is important in characterizing the vortex response, and assessing its stability. When the DDIs are sufficiently strong we find that the vortex is dynamically unstable to quadrupolar modes.