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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Influence of an external field on the decay of coherently excited n=2 states of the hydrogen atom

Stanisław Chwirot, S. Łęgowski, J. A. Slevin, Jarosław Zaremba

Published May 14, 1989• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors analyse the validity of the approximation of neglecting the 2 2 S 1/2 -2 2 P 3/2 coupling in the description of the fluorescence from the n=2 states of hydrogen atoms decaying in the presence of an external electric field. The results show the inadequacy of such an approach and point to the need for a re-interpretation of some previously reported experimental values of the state multipoles of the collisionally excited n=2 hydrogen atoms.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/22/9/013

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The authors analyse the validity of the approximation of neglecting the 2 2 S 1/2 -2 2 P 3/2 coupling in the description of the fluorescence from the n=2 states of hydrogen atoms decaying in the presence of an external electric field. The results show the inadequacy of such an approach and point to the need for a re-interpretation of some previously reported experimental values of the state multipoles of the collisionally excited n=2 hydrogen atoms.
A determination of all the state multipoles of the n=2 excited state of atomic hydrogen has been made. The kinematical conditions were a crossed electron-atom-beam geometry in which the incident electron energy was 350 eV and the scattering angle 3'. The experimental technique measures the scattered 10.2 eV energy loss electrons in coincidence with the 10.2 eV photons from either the 2P state or the delayed Stark-quenched 2S-state decay. An external electrostatic field mixes the S and P states, permitting the observation of their coherence by measuring the linear and circular photon polarisations, while in-plane angular correlations for a zero electric field determine the P-state multipoles. The state multipoles were deduced from a least-squares fit of the measured data to the quantum mechanical expressions determined for a model of an S-P (m j =1/2) superposition excited state with averages over the singlet and triplet spin states.
One- and two-photon transitions in the hydrogen atom are analytically evaluated in the absence and in the presence of an external electric field. The emission probabilities are different for the hydrogen and anti-hydrogen atoms due to the existence of contributions, linear in electric field. The magnitude of these contributions is evaluated within the nonrelativistic limit. The Coulomb Green function method is applied. Different nonrelativistic "forms" for the decay probabilities in combination with different gauge choices are considered. The three-photon E1E1E1 2p-1s transition probability is also evaluated and possible applications of the results are discussed.
The probabilities of two-photon decay for hydrogen (H) and antihydrogen ( Hˉ \bar H Hˉ ) atoms in the presence and absence of an external electric field are analytically calculated. In particular, the probabilities of the E1E2 and E1M1 transitions between the 2p and 1s levels are calculated for the case when emitted photons are characterized by polarization vectors and wavevectors. It is shown that, in an external electric field, the decay probabilities for 2s and 2p levels differ for H and Hˉ \bar H Hˉ atoms because of interference terms linear in field. Coulomb Green’s function method is used for summing over intermediate states.
The authors studied in an earlier paper (1985) the production of a fast beam of H(3s) atoms. They investigated the particular problem of a coherent laser excitation of the 3s 1/2 and 3p 1/2 Stark states from the 2s 1/2 metastable Stark state. They measured the 3s 1/2 fluorescence outside the electric field and quantal interference effects have been observed as a function of the electric field strength. A simple theoretical interpretation is proposed which takes into account the quasi-adiabatic evolution of the atom in the electric field under the authors' experimental conditions.
We analyze the influence of an external electric field on the nsnsns and npnpnp Rydberg states. The impact of an electric field leads to a significant modification of the decay rate. Namely, the additional (linear and quadratic in the field) terms arise in the differential transition probabilities. In contrast to the quadratic term, the linear summand leads to a difference of the hydrogen (H)(\text{H})(H) and antihydrogen (H‾)(\overline{\text{H}})(H) spectra. However, this difference vanishes after the integration over photon-emission directions and does not contribute to the total emission probability. The quadratic term results in the significant change of the total decay rate and level width, respectively. The analysis of the linear and quadratic terms depending on the field strength is discussed.