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Physical Review A

7D322−7D522 excitation transfer in rubidium induced in collisions with ground-state Rb and noble-gas atoms

J. Wolnikowski, J. B. Atkinson, J. Supronowicz, L. Krause

Published May 1, 1982• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Cross sections for $7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}7^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ transfer in Rb, induced in collisions with He, Ne, Ar, and with ground-state Rb atoms, have been determined using methods of atomic fluorescence. Rb vapor, pure or mixed with a noble gas, was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of 660-nm radiation from a ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$-laser-pumped dye laser, populating one of the $^{2}D$ states by two-photon absorption. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component emitted in the decay of the optically excited state and a sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated state. Relative intensities of the components yielded the cross sections for $7^{2}D$ mixing: $Q(^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=8.8,6.5,10.4, \mathrm{and} 30$; $Q(^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=5.8,4.0,6.9, \mathrm{and} 18$, in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for He, Ne, Ar, and Rb, respectively. Cross sections for the effective quenching of the $^{2}D$ states were also determined.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.25.2622

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Fine-structure mixing in 72D and 82D Rb atoms, induced in collisions with ground-state atoms and molecules

J. Supronowicz, J. B. Atkinson, L. Krause

Cross sections for ${7}^{2}D$ and ${8}^{2}D$ fine-structure mixing in Rb, induced by collisions with various ground-state atoms and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ molecules, have been determined using methods of atomic fluorescence. Rb vapor, pure or mixed with a buffer gas, was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of radiation from a ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ laser-pumped dye laser, populating a $^{2}D$ fine-structure state by two-photon absorption. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component arising from the optically excited state and a sensitized component due to the collisionally populated fine-structure state. Measurements of relative intensities of the two components in relation to buffer-gas pressure yielded the following cross sections (in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$): $Q({7}^{2}{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{7}^{2}{D}_{\frac{5}{2}})=14.1,15.5,\mathrm{and}10.0$; $Q({7}^{2}{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}{7}^{2}{D}_{\frac{5}{2}})=9.0,10.5,\mathrm{and}6.9$, for Kr, Xe, and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, respectively; $Q({8}^{2}{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{8}^{2}{D}_{\frac{5}{2}})=8.9,4.9,12.4,24.9,25.8,12.1,\mathrm{and}43.1$; $Q({8}^{2}{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}{8}^{2}{D}_{\frac{5}{2}})=5.8,3.2,9.4,15.1,17.6,8.3,\mathrm{and}28.5$, for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and Rb, respectively. Cross sections for the effective depopulation of the $^{2}D$ states were also determined.

Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1984•25 citations

82D3/2 ↔ 82D5/2 excitation transfer in rubidium induced in collisions with ground-state Rb atoms

Małgorzata Głódź, J. B. Atkinson, L. Krause

Cross sections for inelastic transfer between the 82D3/2 and 82D5/2 fine-structure states in rubidium, induced in resonant collisions with ground-state Rb atoms, have been determined using an experimental method involving two-photon excitation of atomic fluorescence. Rubidium vapor in a fluorescence cell was irradiated with pulses of 641 nm radiation from a N2 laser-pumped dye-laser tuned to excite one of the 82D states. The resulting fluorescence included the direct component originating from the optically excited state and a sensitized component arising from the other fine-structure state populated by collisions. Relative intensities of the fluorescent components, determined by photon-counting techniques, yielded the cross sections for excitation transfer: Q(2D3/2 → 2D5/2) = 8.1 × 10−13 cm2; Q(2D3/2 ← 2D5/2) = 5.5 × 1013 cm2; as well as [Formula: see text], the effective quenching cross section. The excitation transfer cross sections which are considered accurate to within ±20% are in the ratio predicted by the principle of detailed balancing.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Apr 1, 1981•8 citations

Laser-induced-fluorescence detection of collisional excitation transfer in atomic rubidium vapor during collisions with noble-gas and rubidium atoms

A. D. Sharma, Hans A. Schuessler, R. H. Hill

The 8 $^{2}S$ state of rubidium is selectively populated by stepwise excitation using light from a rubidium lamp and a tunable dye laser. Excitation transfer from the 8 $^{2}S$ to the 6 $^{2}D$ state is studied in a glass cell containing rubidium vapor and noble-gas atoms at different pressures and ground-state rubidium atoms as perturbers. The thermally averaged cross sections for excitation transfer (in units of ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) are 0.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05, 3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2, 2.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9, 1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7, and 4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.6 for the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively, and (6.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for rubidium atoms. The results show that the excitation-transfer cross sections for intermediately excited states cannot be accurately scaled from simple models.

Physical Review A•Jun 1, 1988•5 citations

6D2 fine-structure mixing in rubidium induced in collisions with ground-state Rb and noble-gas atoms and with N2 molecules

J. Supronowicz, J. B. Atkinson, L. Krause

The following cross sections for $6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ fine-structure mixing in Rb, induced in collisions with ground-state Rb and noble-gas atoms and with ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ molecules, have been measured using previously described methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy: $Q(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=17.3, 6.6, 6.1, 5.3, 8.5, \mathrm{and} 6.4$; $Q(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=11.6, 4.5, 4.1, 3.6, 5.5, \mathrm{and} 4.1$, for Rb, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, respectively, in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Upper bounds of cross sections for the effective depopulation of the $6^{2}D$ states were also determined.

Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1985•12 citations

Sensitized Fluorescence in Vapors of Alkali Atoms. XIII. 62P1/2−62P3/2 Excitation Transfer in Rubidium, Induced in Collisions with Noble Gas Atoms

I. N. Siara, E. S. Hrycyshyn, L. Krause

The cross sections for excitation transfer between the 62P fine-structure substates in rubidium, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms, have been determined in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of rubidium vapor and noble gases at pressures varying in the range 0–5 Torr were irradiated with each component of the second 2P rubidium doublet in turn and the following cross sections for 2P mixing were obtained from measurements of sensitised-to-resonance fluorescent intensity ratios. Rb–He: Q12(2P1/2 → 2P3/2) = 29.3 Å2; Q21(2P1/2 ← 2P3/2) = 19.0 Å2. Rb–Ne: Q12 = 10.3 Å2; Q21 = 6.4 Å2. Rb–Ar: Q12 = 24.0 Å2; Q21 = 14.9 Å2. Rb–Kr: Q12 = 23.2 Å2; Q21 = 14.6 Å2. Rb–Xe: Q12 = 43.9 Å2; Q21 = 27.7 Å2 In their dependence on the magnitude of the fine-structure splitting, the values are consistent with previously determined cross sections for mixing in the first and third 2P doublets of alkali atoms.

Canadian Journal of Physics•Aug 15, 1972•19 citations

Inelastic collisions between selectively excited rubidium 6D2 -state atoms and noble-gas atoms: Fine-structure-state mixing

Byron George Zollars, Hans A. Schuessler, Joel Wm. Parker +1 more

Inelastic collisional processes in fine-structure-state mixing have been studied by selective stepwise excitation and observation of the resulting fluorescence during collisions of excited rubidium $6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ state atoms with various noble-gas atoms. It is shown that for intermediately excited rubidium atoms the fine-structure-state mixing cross sections are generally increasing from helium to xexon. The cross sections for the process $\mathrm{Rb}(6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})+A(n^{1}S_{0})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Rb}(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})+A(n^{1}S_{0})+\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ have the values ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{fs}}^{*}=2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9, 3.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2, 2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0, 5.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.2, \mathrm{and} 9.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.6$ in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, where $A$ denotes in sequence any one of the noble gas atoms He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively. Transfer cross sections for the transfer of excited Rb$6^{2}D$-state atoms out of the doublet were also determined and are about an order of magnitude smaller than the fine-structure-mixing cross sections.

Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1983•9 citations
Cross sections for 72D32\ensuremath↔72D527^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}7^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}72D23​​\ensuremath↔72D25​​ transfer in Rb, induced in collisions with He, Ne, Ar, and with ground-state Rb atoms, have been determined using methods of atomic fluorescence. Rb vapor, pure or mixed with a noble gas, was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of 660-nm radiation from a N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​-laser-pumped dye laser, populating one of the 2D^{2}D2D states by two-photon absorption. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component emitted in the decay of the optically excited state and a sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated state. Relative intensities of the components yielded the cross sections for 72D7^{2}D72D mixing: Q(2D32\ensuremath→2D52)=8.8,6.5,10.4,and30Q(^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=8.8,6.5,10.4, \mathrm{and} 30Q(2D23​​\ensuremath→2D25​​)=8.8,6.5,10.4,and30; Q(2D32\ensuremath←2D52)=5.8,4.0,6.9,and18Q(^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=5.8,4.0,6.9, \mathrm{and} 18Q(2D23​​\ensuremath←2D25​​)=5.8,4.0,6.9,and18, in units of 10\ensuremath−14{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}10\ensuremath−14 cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 for He, Ne, Ar, and Rb, respectively. Cross sections for the effective quenching of the 2D^{2}D2D states were also determined.
Cross sections for 72D{7}^{2}D72D and 82D{8}^{2}D82D fine-structure mixing in Rb, induced by collisions with various ground-state atoms and N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ molecules, have been determined using methods of atomic fluorescence. Rb vapor, pure or mixed with a buffer gas, was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of radiation from a N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ laser-pumped dye laser, populating a 2D^{2}D2D fine-structure state by two-photon absorption. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component arising from the optically excited state and a sensitized component due to the collisionally populated fine-structure state. Measurements of relative intensities of the two components in relation to buffer-gas pressure yielded the following cross sections (in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2): $Q({7}^{2}{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{7}^{2}{D}_{\frac{5}{2}})=14.1,15.5,\mathrm{and}10.0$; $Q({7}^{2}{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}{7}^{2}{D}_{\frac{5}{2}})=9.0,10.5,\mathrm{and}6.9$, for Kr, Xe, and N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​, respectively; $Q({8}^{2}{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{8}^{2}{D}_{\frac{5}{2}})=8.9,4.9,12.4,24.9,25.8,12.1,\mathrm{and}43.1$; $Q({8}^{2}{D}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}{8}^{2}{D}_{\frac{5}{2}})=5.8,3.2,9.4,15.1,17.6,8.3,\mathrm{and}28.5$, for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​, and Rb, respectively. Cross sections for the effective depopulation of the 2D^{2}D2D states were also determined.
Cross sections for inelastic transfer between the 82D3/2 and 82D5/2 fine-structure states in rubidium, induced in resonant collisions with ground-state Rb atoms, have been determined using an experimental method involving two-photon excitation of atomic fluorescence. Rubidium vapor in a fluorescence cell was irradiated with pulses of 641 nm radiation from a N2 laser-pumped dye-laser tuned to excite one of the 82D states. The resulting fluorescence included the direct component originating from the optically excited state and a sensitized component arising from the other fine-structure state populated by collisions. Relative intensities of the fluorescent components, determined by photon-counting techniques, yielded the cross sections for excitation transfer: Q(2D3/2 → 2D5/2) = 8.1 × 10−13 cm2; Q(2D3/2 ← 2D5/2) = 5.5 × 1013 cm2; as well as [Formula: see text], the effective quenching cross section. The excitation transfer cross sections which are considered accurate to within ±20% are in the ratio predicted by the principle of detailed balancing.
The 8 2S^{2}S2S state of rubidium is selectively populated by stepwise excitation using light from a rubidium lamp and a tunable dye laser. Excitation transfer from the 8 2S^{2}S2S to the 6 2D^{2}D2D state is studied in a glass cell containing rubidium vapor and noble-gas atoms at different pressures and ground-state rubidium atoms as perturbers. The thermally averaged cross sections for excitation transfer (in units of ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}15}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2) are 0.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05, 3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2, 2.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9, 1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7, and 4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.6 for the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively, and (6.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 for rubidium atoms. The results show that the excitation-transfer cross sections for intermediately excited states cannot be accurately scaled from simple models.
The following cross sections for $6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ fine-structure mixing in Rb, induced in collisions with ground-state Rb and noble-gas atoms and with N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ molecules, have been measured using previously described methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy: $Q(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=17.3, 6.6, 6.1, 5.3, 8.5, \mathrm{and} 6.4$; $Q(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=11.6, 4.5, 4.1, 3.6, 5.5, \mathrm{and} 4.1$, for Rb, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​, respectively, in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2. Upper bounds of cross sections for the effective depopulation of the 62D6^{2}D62D states were also determined.
The cross sections for excitation transfer between the 62P fine-structure substates in rubidium, induced in collisions with noble gas atoms, have been determined in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of rubidium vapor and noble gases at pressures varying in the range 0–5 Torr were irradiated with each component of the second 2P rubidium doublet in turn and the following cross sections for 2P mixing were obtained from measurements of sensitised-to-resonance fluorescent intensity ratios. Rb–He: Q12(2P1/2 → 2P3/2) = 29.3 Å2; Q21(2P1/2 ← 2P3/2) = 19.0 Å2. Rb–Ne: Q12 = 10.3 Å2; Q21 = 6.4 Å2. Rb–Ar: Q12 = 24.0 Å2; Q21 = 14.9 Å2. Rb–Kr: Q12 = 23.2 Å2; Q21 = 14.6 Å2. Rb–Xe: Q12 = 43.9 Å2; Q21 = 27.7 Å2 In their dependence on the magnitude of the fine-structure splitting, the values are consistent with previously determined cross sections for mixing in the first and third 2P doublets of alkali atoms.
Inelastic collisional processes in fine-structure-state mixing have been studied by selective stepwise excitation and observation of the resulting fluorescence during collisions of excited rubidium 62D526^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}62D25​​ state atoms with various noble-gas atoms. It is shown that for intermediately excited rubidium atoms the fine-structure-state mixing cross sections are generally increasing from helium to xexon. The cross sections for the process $\mathrm{Rb}(6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})+A(n^{1}S_{0})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Rb}(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})+A(n^{1}S_{0})+\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ have the values ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{fs}}^{*}=2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9, 3.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2, 2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0, 5.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.2, \mathrm{and} 9.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.6$ in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2, where AAA denotes in sequence any one of the noble gas atoms He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively. Transfer cross sections for the transfer of excited Rb62D6^{2}D62D-state atoms out of the doublet were also determined and are about an order of magnitude smaller than the fine-structure-mixing cross sections.