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Frontiers in Optics

Low Light Level V-Type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency using Tapered Fiber Embedded in Rubidium Vapor

G. S. Pati, S. M. Spillane, Raymond G. Beausoleil, K. Salit, Matthew Hall, Prem Kumar, M. S. Shahriar

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report observation of V-type electromagntically induced transparency (EIT) at a few nW of optical power, using tapered fiber (TF) embedded in a rubidium vapor. The study is extremely useful for low light level optical switching and quantum information processing using resonant nonlinear optical interactions.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2007.fwt3

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We report the observation of low-light level optical interactions in a tapered optical nanofiber (TNF) embedded in a hot rubidium vapor. The small optical mode area plays a significant role in the optical properties of the hot vapor Rb-TNF system, allowing nonlinear optical interactions with nW level powers even in the presence of transit-time dephasing rates much larger than the intrinsic linewidth. We demonstrate nonlinear absorption and V-type electromagnetically induced transparency with cw powers below 10 nW, comparable to the best results in any Rb-optical waveguide system. The good performance and flexibility of the Rb-TNF system makes it a very promising candidate for ultralow power resonant nonlinear optical applications.
We present an experimental approach to study low light level absorption in a tapered optical fiber embedded in a rubidium atomic vapor medium. Our initial measurements demonstrates the potential of the system to realize extremely low light level quantum interference effects in the ultra small mode volume of the thin fiber, which is promising for many practical integrated device applications. The measurement shows saturated probe absorption using a low optical power of only ten nanowatt. Efforts are underway to use the fiber in a cloud of trapped rubidium atoms, which will circumvent the transit time limit for demonstrating a low photon optical switch via quantum interference.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) enables an otherwise opaque medium to become transparent and can dramatically slow or even temporarily store light pulses within the medium. It provides a robust platform for manipulating and preserving quantum optical signals, making it a powerful tool for quantum information processing and precision sensing. In this work, we demonstrate EIT on a fully integrated, chip-scale platform based on nanoscale atomic suspended waveguides (NASWAGs) surrounded by hot rubidium vapor. These structures provide submillimeter-scale interaction lengths and feature a tapered geometry that extends the optical mode into the surrounding vapor, increasing the atom-light interaction volume and reducing transit-time broadening. Combined with the strong spatial confinement of both probe and control beams, this enables efficient EIT with only a few microwatts of control power. This represents a significant advance over standard nanophotonic platforms, where weak evanescent fields and short interaction times have previously prevented the observation of EIT.