Physics Letters A

Detection of 4He atoms separately evaporated by phonons and rotons at a free superfluid surface

S. Balibar

Published May 1, 1975• 18 citations

Publisher

DOI: 10.1016/0375-9601(75)90006-7

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Physics Letters A

Detection of 4He atoms separately evaporated by phonons and rotons at a free superfluid surface

S. Balibar

Published May 1, 1975• 18 citations

Publisher

DOI: 10.1016/0375-9601(75)90006-7

Related papers

The effect of backflow on atom emission from the free surface of superfluid 4He by rotons

M. B. Sobnack

Physica B Condensed MatterJul 1, 20002 citations

Measurements of the atomic kinetic energy of 4He close to the superfluid transition

J. Mayers, F. Albergamo, David N. Timms

Physica B Condensed MatterMar 1, 200015 citations

Monolayers of 3He on the surface of bulk superfluid 4He

J Warren

arXiv:cond-mat/9906284Physica B Condensed MatterJul 1, 20001 citation

R− Rotons and Quantum Evaporation

M. B. Sobnack, John C. Inkson

We apply Beliaev's theory to superfluid ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ with a free surface at $T\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ to derive equations of motion valid in bulk helium, through the surface, and in the vacuum. We solve the equations and calculate probabilities for the one-to-one surface scattering processes as a function of energy, both for fixed parallel momenta and fixed angles of incidence. In particular, in contrast with the recent calculations of Stringari and co-workers, we show that ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ rotons do quantum evaporate atoms in the presence of phonons. We also compare our quantum evaporation results with those of experimental simulations.We apply Beliaev's theory to superfluid ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ with a free surface at $T\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ to derive equations of motion valid in bulk helium, through the surface, and in the vacuum. We solve the equations and calculate probabilities for the one-to-one surface scattering processes as a function of energy, both for fixed parallel momenta and fixed angles of incidence. In particular, in contrast with the recent calculations of Stringari and co-workers, we show that ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ rotons do quantum evaporate atoms in the presence of phonons. We also compare our quantum evaporation results with those of experimental simulations.

Physical Review LettersMay 3, 19998 citations

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Wataru Kobayashi

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Quantum Evaporation from Liquid He4 by Rotons

F. R. Hope, M. J. Baird, A. F. G. Wyatt

We have shown that rotons as well as phonons can evaporate $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ atoms in a single-quantum process. Measurements of the time of flight and the angular distribution of the evaporated atoms clearly distinguish between evaporation by phonons and rotons. The results indicate that energy and the parallel component of momentum are conserved at the free liquid surface.We have shown that rotons as well as phonons can evaporate $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ atoms in a single-quantum process. Measurements of the time of flight and the angular distribution of the evaporated atoms clearly distinguish between evaporation by phonons and rotons. The results indicate that energy and the parallel component of momentum are conserved at the free liquid surface.

Physical Review LettersApr 23, 198462 citations

We apply Beliaev's theory to superfluid

{}^{4}\mathrm{He}

with a free surface at

T\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}

to derive equations of motion valid in bulk helium, through the surface, and in the vacuum. We solve the equations and calculate probabilities for the one-to-one surface scattering processes as a function of energy, both for fixed parallel momenta and fixed angles of incidence. In particular, in contrast with the recent calculations of Stringari and co-workers, we show that ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ rotons do quantum evaporate atoms in the presence of phonons. We also compare our quantum evaporation results with those of experimental simulations.

We have shown that rotons as well as phonons can evaporate

^{4}\mathrm{He}

atoms in a single-quantum process. Measurements of the time of flight and the angular distribution of the evaporated atoms clearly distinguish between evaporation by phonons and rotons. The results indicate that energy and the parallel component of momentum are conserved at the free liquid surface.