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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

QED cavity arrays for quantum optical switching

Kenji Kamide, Makoto Yamaguchi, T. Kimura, T. Ogawa

Published Jun 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coupled QED cavity arrays are shown to exhibit first-order phase transitions between superfluid and Mott-insulator or different superfluid states in presence of two photon modes. This indicates the system is applicable to quantum optical switching devices.
DOI
10.1109/cleopr.2013.6600081

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We theoretically investigated the ground states of coupled arrays of cavity-quantum-electrodynamical (cavity-QED) systems in the presence of two photon modes. Within the Gutzwiller-type variational approach, we found the first-order quantum phase transition between Mott-insulating and superfluid phases as well as the conventional second-order one. The first-order phase transition was found only for specific types of emitter models, and its physical origin is clarified based on the analytic arguments which are allowed in the perturbative and semiclassical limits. The first-order transition of the correlated photons is accompanied with discontinuous change in the emitter states, not only with the appearance of intercavity coherence in the superfluid phase. We also discuss the condition for the first-order transition to occur, which can lead to a strategy for future design of quantum-optical switching devices with cavity-QED arrays.
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Abstract A two-dimensional hybrid cavity optomechanical array formed by an optomechanical cavity embedded with a two-level atom in each site is introduced to discuss the superfluid–Mott insulator quantum phase transition of light. On account of the optomechanical coupling effects stemmed from the coupled movable oscillator, the energy spectrum of the system changes, and an effective on-site repulsive interaction is reformed by modulating the optomechanically controlled parameters. By adjusting the detuning, an intersection between different critical chemical potentials can be found together with a disappearance of certain Mott lobes physically. The pronounced optomechanical coupling strength is in favor of the Mott insulator phase due to the enhanced effective on-site interactions. Additionally, the Kerr-nonlinearity reduces the average excitation of the high Mott insulator state and diminishes the superfluid regime. The results obtained here provide a novel image for characterizing the quantum phase transitions in optomechanical array systems, which will offer valuable insight for quantum simulations.
Summary form only given. The studies of insulator to superfluid transitions in many body systems and their realization in optical lattices have opened great possibilities for simulating many body systems. It is thus interesting to explore which other systems permit such phases and simulations, especially if the problem of accessibility of the individual sites is not present. Particularly arresting will be to find such phases in a system of photons which, by being non-interacting, are unlikely candidates for the studies of many-body phenomena. Here we show that a Mott phase can arise in an array of coupled high Q electromagnetic cavities between which photons can hop, when each cavity is coupled to a single two level system (atom/quantum dot/Cooper pair). In this phase each atom-cavity system has the same integral number of polaritonic (atomic plus photonic) excitations. It occurs for resonant photonic and atomic frequencies when photon blockade provides an effective repulsion between the excitations in each atom-cavity system. Detuning the atomic and photonic frequencies suppresses this repulsion and induces a transition from the Mott phase to a photonic superfluid. We also show that for zero detuning, the system can simulate the dynamics of a spin chain with arbitrary number of excitations and can be used to implement quantum information processing tasks.
The quantum phase transition of photons between the Mott-insulating and superfluid states can take place in a periodic array of nanocavities, where the photons are strongly coupled to a two-level system inside each cavity. Here we consider a defect cavity inside the array structure and examine the dynamics of the corresponding photons using the non-equilibrium formalism. The global signatures of the phase transition, such as the compressibility and order parameter, are revealed in the defect-cavity photon number. Furthermore, an open electron transport device (a transport qubit) can be embedded in the defect cavity for the detection of the quantum phase transition.
We study the quantum phase transition of light of a system when atom trapped in microcavities and interacting through the exchange of virtual photons.We predict the quantum phase transition between the photonic Coulomb blocked induce insulating phase and anisotropic exchange induced photonic superfluid phase in the system due to the existence of two Rabi frequency oscillations.The renormalization group equation shows explicitly that for this system there is no self-duality.The system also shows two Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transitions for the different physical situation of the system.The presence of single Rabi frequency oscillation in the system leads to the BKT transition where system shows the quantum phase transition from photonic metallic state to the Coulomb blocked induced insulating phase.For the other BKT transition when the z-component of exchange interaction is absent, the system shows the transition from the photonic metallic state to the photonic superfluid phase.We also predict the commensurate to incommensurate transition under the laser field detuning.