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Optics Express

Demonstration of Zeno switching through inverse Raman scattering in an optical fiber

Khanh Quoc Kieu, L. Schneebeli, Joel M. Hales, Joseph W. Perry, Robert A. Norwood, Nasser N. Peyghambarian

Published Jun 14, 2011• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the observation of Zeno switching through an inverse Raman scattering (IRS) process in an optical fiber. In IRS, light at the anti-Stokes frequency is strongly attenuated in the presence of a pump field, allowing it to be used for all-optical switching and modulation. Our observed level of induced absorption via IRS in the optical fiber is > 20 dB in a time scale of less than 5 ps. The full Raman response spectrum was extracted experimentally and excellent agreement was found between the experimental data and theoretical modeling of IRS.

DOI
10.1364/oe.19.012532

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Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Kieu, L. Schneebeli, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Zeno Switching Through Inverse Raman Scattering in Optical Fiber," Optics & Photonics News 21(12), 35-35 (2010) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

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We report the observation of Zeno switching through an inverse Raman scattering (IRS) process in an optical fiber. In IRS, light at the anti-Stokes frequency is strongly attenuated in the presence of a pump field, allowing it to be used for all-optical switching and modulation. Our observed level of induced absorption via IRS in the optical fiber is > 20 dB in a time scale of less than 5 ps. The full Raman response spectrum was extracted experimentally and excellent agreement was found between the experimental data and theoretical modeling of IRS.
The tuning Raman mixing effects in an optical fiber have been investigated in the frequency shift range from 656cm-1 to 1343cm-1. Many phenomena have been obser-ved experimentally, e.g., the intensity of coherent anti-Stokes Eaman scattering (CAES) is inversely proportional to that of the inverse Raman absorption (VRA), the energy distribution of SRS is influenced strongly by Raman mixing (RM). In addition to the-coherent Stokes Raman scattering (CSRS) and CARS radiations, the second order coherent Stokes Raman scattering (SOCSRS) and the second order anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SOCARS) radiations have also been observed. Finally, the experimental results are discussed.
The Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of photons by matter. When a monochromatic light beam (pump beam) propagates in an optical fibre, spon- taneous Raman scattering transfers some of the photons to new frequencies. The probability of a photon scattering to a particular frequency shift, depends on that frequency shift, forming a characteristic spectrum. The scattered photons may lose energy (Stokes) or gain energy (anti-Stokes). If the pump beam is linearly polarized, then the polarization of scattered photons may be the same (parallel scattering) or orthogonal (perpendicular scattering). If photons are already present at other frequencies then the probability of scattering to those frequencies is enhanced (stimulated scattering). In this thesis, the equations governing the Raman effect, both in bulk glass and single mode fibre, are restated. The probability of spontaneous scattering (parallel and perpendicular) in an optical fibre has been measured for frequency shifts between 4THz and 58THz. Particular attention has been given to those frequency shifts where the scattering is intrinsically weak. This has identified those frequency shifts where it might be possible to eliminate Raman noise from experiments designed to generate quantum states of light in optical fibres using four wave mixing. From the measured scattering probabilities, the Raman equations can be used to predict the scattering cross-section in bulk glass. The prediction is found to be in reasonable agreement with measurements of the bulk glass cross-section published by other authors. By increasing the pump power, the transition to stimulated scattering has been observed. In the case of Stokes scattering there is reasonable agreement between the Raman equations and experimental observations. In the case of anti-Stokes scattering, and in the limit of very high pump power, behaviour is observed which is not predicted by the Raman equations, indicating that other processes must be included to successfully describe such experiments.
Nonresonant stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering from an inverted population in atomic iodine has been observed. The population inversion was achieved by flash photolysis of trifluoromethyliodide. A gain of e7{e}^{7}e7 was measured for a laser probe pulse at the anti-Stokes wavelength passing through the inverted iodine coincident with a laser pump pulse. This result is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
We experimentally investigate optical switching based on stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers. The experimental setup consists of two fiber stages connected in series with a spectral filter rejecting a signal inserted between them. When both pump and signal are launched to the input, the pump is saturated because of the signal amplification in the first stage; the amplified signal is rejected by the filter, so that only the low-power pump enters the second stage and no signal pulses appear at the output. When pump only enters at the input, it passes through the first stage without saturation, enters the second stage and amplifies the signal entering this stage; strong signal pulses appear at the output. We used 2-ns pulses at 1528 nm as the pump and a cw 1620-nm diode as the signal source for the first as well as for the second stages. In fibers with anomalous dispersion pump saturation was affected by modulation instability. We found that the contrast (the ratio of energies) may be improved using fibers with normal and anomalous dispersion connected in series in the first stage provided that the ratio between the lengths of the fibers with normal and anomalous dispersion is appropriately selected. The best achieved contrast was 15 dB at peak pump power of 6 W.