The spectral functions of
tJ and
tJXY models in the limit of $J/t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ and at finite temperatures $T\ensuremath{\ll}t$ are calculated using the spin-charge factorized wave function. We find that the Luttinger-liquid-like scaling behavior for a finite system with
L sites is restricted below temperatures of the order $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}J/L$. We also observe a weight redistribution in the photoemission spectral function in the energy range
t, which is much larger than the temperature.
We examine the strong correlation effects of the d-wave superconducting state by including the Gutzwiller projection for no electron double occupancy at each lattice site. The spectral weights (SW's) for adding and removing an electon on the projected superconducting state, the ground state of the 2-dimensional t-t'-t-J model with moderate doped holes describing the high Tc cuprates, are studied numerically on finite lattices and compared with the observation made by low-temperature tunneling (particle asymmetry of tunneling conductance) and angle-resolved photoemission (SW transfer from the projected Fermi liquid tate) spectoscopies. The contast with the dwave case without projection is alo presented.
The two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model is studied in the weak-to-intermediate-coupling regime by employing a nonperturbative approach. It is shown that this approach is in quantitative agreement with Monte Carlo calculations for both single-particle and two-particle quantities. Both the density of states and the single-particle spectral weight show a pseudogap at the Fermi energy below some characteristic temperature
T∗, also in good agreement with quantum Monte Carlo calculations. The pseudogap is caused by critical pairing fluctuations in the low-temperature renormalized classical regime $(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}<{k}_{B}T)$ of the two-dimensional system. With increasing temperature the spectral weight fills in the pseudogap instead of closing it, and the pseudogap appears earlier in the density of states than in the spectral function. Small temperature changes around
T∗ can modify the spectral weight over frequency scales much larger than temperature. Several qualitative results for the s-wave case should remain true for d-wave superconductors.