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Journal of Applied Physics

Photon-correlation measurements on light scattered by a nematic liquid crystal under a dc electric field

Martin Zulauf, M. Bertolotti, Folco Scudieri

Published Dec 1, 1975• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The photon-correlation technique is applied to study the behavior of the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) of light scattered by a liquid crystal under an external dc electric field. Different qualitative shapes of g(2)(τ) at varying electric fields are distinguished and their possible relation to different scattering processes are discussed.

DOI
10.1063/1.321575

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•Jan 1, 1988•1 citation
The photon-correlation technique is applied to study the behavior of the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) of light scattered by a liquid crystal under an external dc electric field. Different qualitative shapes of g(2)(τ) at varying electric fields are distinguished and their possible relation to different scattering processes are discussed.
Sufficiently strong scattering can cause light propagation to stop, not due to absorption, but due to interference effects, thus localizing light. Efforts to observe localization in three dimensions with visible light have focused on high-scattering-disordered nanometer-sized powders with the unwanted side effect of strong absorption. The strong absorption mimics the signature of localization---exponential decay of transmitted intensity---complicating the interpretation of results. Nematic liquid crystals are more effective at scattering light and can have low absorption. We report experimental observation of strong photon localization in a nematic liquid crystal in which the effects of absorption are minimal.
Abstract Effects of incident photon field coherence on resonant light scattering have been investigated. In order to obtain the scattering intensity and the photon counting rate, an expression for the reduced density matrix for the scattered field has been derived. The expression involves the first‐order correlation function of the incident field. The relation between the line shape of the scattered light and the bandwidth of the incident field has been clarified. Model calculations of the photon counting rate have been performed in the case of an incident field without first‐order coherence. In our treatment, the transverse and longitudinal relaxation constants have been taken into account by using the impact approximation.
Experimental results of quasielastic light scattering on a water-HCl mixture at T=297 K are reported, which demonstrate the existence of a different kind of nonclassical two-photon (fourth-order) correlation, in the absence of second-order interferences. The normalized two-photon correlation function ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{(2)}$(1,2) shows an oscillation with an amplitude of about 25%, depending on the relative position of the two detectors and the scattering source. The equivalent measurement on CS2{\mathrm{CS}}_{2}CS2​ shows no such effect. The possible physical significance of the observations is briefly mentioned.
Laser-induced bulk gratings and temporal instabilities of nonlinear wave processes with different components of light polarization have been studied in the liquid crystals (LC). A mirrorless feedback arises because of the non-local nonlinear response of an anisotropic elastic medium on the external field. The multiplicative nature of the molecular fluctuations in the LC under external field are discussed and the light-induced reorientation effects in this medium can be considered as a noise-induced phase transition. . The quantum aspects of behavior of the radiation fluctuations for passing through the LC light are considered. A new method of formation of quantum states of the light in the linear system at dynamic diffraction is discussed for the first time. The squeezed states of the field and the photon superbunching are obtained for two geometries (Bragg and Laue) of diffraction in spatially periodic medium. The approach gives a new opportunities for a verification of quantum properties of the light in experiment.