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International Journal of Modern Physics B

The Josephson Effect in Ceramic Bridge at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature

Peiheng Wu, Qilin Cheng, Shuzhen Yang, J. Chen, Y. Li, Zheng Ji, Jiming Song, Huanjun Lu, X.K. Gao, Jianghua Wu, X.Y. Zhang

Published Jun 1, 1987• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Bridge junction can be made by cutting a bulk ceramic superconductor into the right sizes. Using this sort of bridge, both dc and ac Josephson effects are confirmed in liquid nitrogen . We have observed microwave induced steps at either nhf/2e or 2nhf/2e where n is an integral, as well as the oscillation of critical supercurrent with the increase of microwave power or externally applied magnetic field.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979287000888

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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics•Mar 1, 1975•15 citations
Bridge junction can be made by cutting a bulk ceramic superconductor into the right sizes. Using this sort of bridge, both dc and ac Josephson effects are confirmed in liquid nitrogen . We have observed microwave induced steps at either nhf/2e or 2nhf/2e where n is an integral, as well as the oscillation of critical supercurrent with the increase of microwave power or externally applied magnetic field.
Microwave and millimeterwave dependences of ac Josephson effect were investigated in YBaCuO ceramic superconductors. We observed very clear constant-voltage steps (Shapiro steps) on the current-voltage curve of YBaCuO/Nb junctions at signals of 14.1,25.5 and 35.0 GHz. The observed step voltages were frequency dependent in accordance with the (h/2e)f rule. This strongly suggests that pair-electrons serve as the superconducting particle even in ceramic materials. In addition, the ac Josephson effect was also observed in point-contact ErBaCuO ceramics containing a magnetic element Er.
Experimental investigations on the proximity effect bridge (a Josephson device) at zero voltage and at finite voltages in the µV range are reported. The phase-super current relation at zero voltage was measured using an asymmetric superconducting quantum interferormeter circuit. The data are in agreement with the Josephson supercurrent-phase relation I_S=I_C sinδ with deviation less than 5% of the critical current I_c. The supercurrent density in the measured bridges reached as high as 50-100 µA/µm^2. Using microcircuitry techniques, proximity effect bridges were strongly coupled to superconducting microstrip resonators. Selfinduced steps in the I-V characteristics of bridges coupled to resonators were observed in the GHz region at voltages (frequencies) corresponding to the expected modes of the resonators. Two types of steps were seen depending on whether the resonator impedance on resonance was much higher or much smaller than the bridge resistance. A simple two fluid model of the bridge-resonator circuit was developed and the size and shape of self-induced steps were calculated for a generalized Josephson oscillator relation I_S = I_c(l-q + q sin∫ 2e/hV dt) where q = 1 corresponds to the original Josephson relation and q = 1/2 represents the phase slip regime. At low critical currents (I_c < 10 µA) and low voltages (V < 3µV) the size and shape of experimentally observed self-induced steps agree with the q = 1 model. At higher voltages and/or critical currents the step size increasingly deviates from the q = 1 model towards q = 1/2. These observations are interpreted to indicate a progressive reduction of the amplitude of the oscillating Josephson supercurrent in proximity effect bridges from I_c towards I_c /2 as the critical current and/or voltage are increased.
A three-dimensional close-packed array of Josephson junctions was successfully produced in the form of a bulk granular superconductor. The granular system is a tightly compressed solid of oxide coated small tin particles in the thousand Å range. The three-dimensional array of Josephson junctions thus formed showed coherent Josephson oscillations when external rf radiation was imposed, rf induced constant voltage steps were observed on its I-V characteristics at voltages a few thousand times the Josephson voltage hv/2e. The external rf radiation also induced Stable dc voltages on unbiased bulk samples, suggesting a practical mode of microwave detection. The analogy of this bulk superconducting system with a magnetic spin system will be discussed.