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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Comment on the optical Dicke model

B. V. Thompson

Published Oct 1, 1975• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The classical part of the dipole-dipole interaction prevents the super-radiant phase transition in a dielectric crystal.
DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/8/10/007

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The thermodynamic equilibrium properties of the Dicke Hamiltonian for a collection of spin- 1 / 2 particles interacting via magnetic dipole interaction with a single mode of the radiation field and with each other by spin-spin interaction are analysed and the conditions for the existence of a super-radiant phase transition are derived. It is shown, using the approximate long-range spin-spin interaction (MI), in the Dicke Hamiltonian, that the conditions for the existence of the super-radiant phase transition are invariant with respect to isotropic MI whether or not the A 2 term is included.
The Hamiltonian of the generalised Dicke model is transformed to describe collective excitations above a ground state. When the wavelength of the field modes is considerably less than the system dimensions the condition for the existence of a phase transition in a lattice configuration differs from the long-wave result. The effect of atomic separation on certain ground state properties is examined and a short description of the excitation spectrum is given. For a dielectric crystal it is shown that the super-radiant phase transition is impossible in principle for up to 48 modes.
We consider the full Dicke spin-boson model composed by a single bosonic mode and an ensemble of N identical two-level atoms with different couplings for the resonant and anti-resonant interaction terms, and incorporate a dipole–dipole interaction between the atoms. Assuming that the system is in thermal equilibrium with a reservoir at temperature β −1 , we compute the free energy in the thermodynamic limit N → ∞ in the saddle-point approximation to the path integral and determine the critical temperature for the super-radiant phase transition. In the zero temperature limit, we recover the critical coupling of the quantum phase transition, presented in the literature.