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Physical Review A

Micromaser with Kerr nonlinearity

Bimalendu Deb, Deb Shankar Ray

Published Oct 1, 1993• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A micromaser containing a Kerr medium in its cavity has been investigated. We have presented an exact solution to the model Hamiltonian, which, apart from the usual Jaynes-Cummings terms, contains a Kerr term (${\mathit{a}}^{\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}2}$${\mathit{a}}^{2}$). We have shown that the Kerr cavity nonlinearity significantly modifies the photon statistics of the micromaser field. Particularly, it is interesting to note that with the introduction of appropriate nonlinearity a micromaser can be made to approach towards a number state with a low number of photons.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.48.3191

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A micromaser containing a Kerr medium in its cavity has been investigated. We have presented an exact solution to the model Hamiltonian, which, apart from the usual Jaynes-Cummings terms, contains a Kerr term ({\mathit{a}}^{\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}2}$${\mathit{a}}^{2}). We have shown that the Kerr cavity nonlinearity significantly modifies the photon statistics of the micromaser field. Particularly, it is interesting to note that with the introduction of appropriate nonlinearity a micromaser can be made to approach towards a number state with a low number of photons.
We have established the master equation for the micromaser with a Kerr medium. We have studied the photon statistics of the micromaser with a Kerr medium field and analysed the influence of the Kerr effect on the photon statistics. The influence of the Kerr effect on the photon statistics is different in two regimes. In the thermal-atom regime, the Kerr effect produces quantum noise and decreases the mean photon number. In the ultracold-atom regime, with the increase of the nonlinear parameter of the Kerr medium, the stability of the mean photon number and the normalized variance enhances the mean photon number and the normalized variance exhibits collapse-revival phenomena periodically, their resonance peaks become lower and the photon statistics of more and more regions are sub-Poissonian.
We have established the master equation for the micromaser with a Kerr medium,we have studied the photon statics of the micromaser with a Kerr medium field and analysed the influence of the Kerr effect on the photon statistics,The influence of the Kerr effect on the photon statistics is different in two regimes,In the thermal-atom regime,the Kerr effect produces quantum noise,and decreases the mean photon number.In the ultracold-atom regime,with the increase of the nonlinear parameter of the Kerr medium,the stability of the mean photon number and the normalized variance enhances the mean photon number,and the normalized variance exhibits collapse-revival phenomena periodically,their resonance peaks become lower,and the photon statistics of more and more regions are sub-Poissonian.
A distinctive signature of the granulated nature of the electromagnetic field is the revivals known to occur in the dynamics of a two-level atom interacting with a single-field mode (Jaynes-Cummings model). The development of high-Q single-mode cavities combined with progress in Rydberg atom spectroscopy has led to a possibility of verifying these predictions. Revival experiments using micromasers have been performed by Walther et al. Here the cavity mode is first allowed to reach a steady state, and then probe atoms are injected into the resonator. By measuring their state as they exit the cavity, one can infer the state of the field. We show that the micromaser experiences Jaynes-Cummingslike revivals when the pump parameter θ is varied. However, in contrast to the conventional Jaynes-Cummings situation, which considers initially coherent fields, the micromaser photon statistics are usually not Poissonian and depend sensitively on θ. The micromaser revivals cannot be explained by a semiclassical theory or linearized quantum fluctuations about the semiclassical solution. Rather, an exact quantum treatment, considering fully the granularity of the cavity mode, is required.
An electromagnetic field state is found which maintains the population inversion of the atom stationary during the interaction with the field through a Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) with a Kerr type nonlinearity in the cavity. The condition of stationarity of the population inversion includes the phase coupling of atomic dipole with the field. We have shown that the Kerr nonlinearity in the cavity field significantly modifies the photon statistics of the trapped field state through an intensity dependent detuning in the field compared to the normal JCM trapping state. We have also demonstrated the novel features of sub-Poissonian character and the squeezing of the trapped field state. The dynamics of the initial trapped field is studied in terms of squeezing and the Q-function.
In this paper the possibility of generating nonlinear coherent states of the radiation field in a micromaser is explored. It is shown that these states can be provided in a lossless micromaser cavity under the weak Jaynes-Cummings interaction with intensity-dependent coupling of large number of individually injected two-level atoms in a coherent superposition of the upper and lower states. In particular, we show that the so-called nonlinear squeezed vacuum and nonlinear squeezed first excited states, as well as the even and odd nonlinear coherent states can be generated in the presence of two-photon transitions.
A generalization of the time-dependent Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian is considered including nonlinear terms in the field and/or an intensity-dependent coupling term. Using algebraic methods we find the corresponding time evolution operator of the problem as a product of exponential operators. Also, we study the effect of the atomic motion in the cavity on its quantum state. We found that, when the atom is vibrating classically with a small amplitude A0 (in comparison with the effective length of the cavity L), i.e. A0 ≪ L, the effects of the atom’s motion are negligible but when A0 ∼ L/4, the state of the atom changes drastically. Our study is devoted to a Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian with an additional Kerr medium.