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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Analysis of all-optical buffers for high-speed WDM networks

Ankur Goyal, Banmali S. Rawat

Published Apr 7, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possible improvement in the performance of networks without electro/optical conversion has been investigated by introducing optical memories. In particular, different buffering methods are presented, where optical signal is stored in the memory blocks. The need to process signals at electrical level limits the performance of transmission links or computing systems. This limit can be overcome through the introduction of all optical processing, thus avoiding the electro/optical conversion.

DOI
10.1117/12.558073

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The possible improvement in the performance of networks without electro/optical conversion has been investigated by introducing optical memories. In particular, different buffering methods are presented, where optical signal is stored in the memory blocks. The need to process signals at electrical level limits the performance of transmission links or computing systems. This limit can be overcome through the introduction of all optical processing, thus avoiding the electro/optical conversion.
In the era of advanced communications technology, the demand for bandwidth is ever increasing due to the larger number of users and the expectation for a better Quality of Services (QoS). In present communications network, optical signal still have to experience electronic conversion for processing as it propagates from the transmitter to the receiver. The conversion to electrical signal introduces speed bottleneck, and therefore results in low QoS from user's point of view. To overcome bottleneck of bandwidth requirements, the signal is expected to remain in optical domain as it propagates from transmitter to receiver without experiencing conversion to electrical domain. Consequently, there is a need to do signal processing purely in optical domain to enable all-optical technology.
Packet switching has emerged as a promising networking technique capable of supporting a wide range of communications services, such as voice, video, image and data.1,2 However, implementation of this technique at optical carrier frequencies, especially at the communication wavelengths, to fully utilize the wide transmission bandwidth offered by fiber optic technologies remains a challenge. Impediments to the development includes: i) the inability to rapidly analyze temporal optical information contained in the header of each packet for efficient routing, ii) rapid data processing and buffering at the communication wavelengths. Most optical switches proposed earlier suffer from either insufficient memory capacity for storing reference information, slow processing speed for routing at required packet rates, or the requirement of wavelength conversions.
An all-optical telecommunications network requires all-optical routers. These routers would be able to process optical signals directly, without the transformation to the electrical domain. Thus, optical routers have the potential to accelerate telecommunications, i.e. to enhance the data rate and to minimize the latency times. Furthermore, since the double transformation at each network node can be omitted, they could be able to reduce the energy consumption of telecommunications. Key elements of optical routers are optical buffers, which are able to store the optical packets prior to processing in order to avoid congestion. Therefore, many different concepts for the realization of optical buffers have been presented so far. Most of these can just store or delay on-off keyed (OOK) signals. However, in optical telecommunications advanced modulation formats will be increasingly used because they are able to improve the transmission properties and to take advantage of the capacity of optical fibers. Thus, advanced modulation formats can drastically increase the transmissible data rates. Most of these advanced formats modulate the carrier’s phase or are a combination of amplitude and phase modulation. Here the storage of amplitude and phase modulated data packets with the so called quasi-light-storage (QLS) method will be shown. The QLS relies on the time-bandwidth coherence of each signal. Thus, as long as the sampling theorem in the frequency domain is not violated, a distortion-free storage of optical data packets with a delay-bandwidth product (DBP) of several thousand bits is possible. Here we will discuss the applicability of the QLS method to advanced modulation formats and we show experimental results of the tunable alloptical storage of OOK modulated signals with a DBP of 160 bit and the storage of phase shift keyed signals with a DBP of 60 bits.
Today's telecommunication is based on optical packets which transmit the information in optical fiber networks around the world. Currently, the processing of the signals is done in the electrical domain. Direct storage in the optical domain would avoid the transfer of the packets to the electrical and back to the optical domain in every network node and, therefore, increase the speed and possibly reduce the energy consumption of telecommunications. However, light consists of photons which propagate with the speed of light in vacuum. Thus, the storage of light is a big challenge. There exist some methods to slow down the speed of the light, or to store it in excitations of a medium. However, these methods cannot be used for the storage of optical data packets used in telecommunications networks. Here we show how the time-frequency-coherence, which holds for every signal and therefore for optical packets as well, can be exploited to build an optical memory. We will review the background and show in detail and through examples, how a frequency comb can be used for the copying of an optical packet which enters the memory. One of these time domain copies is then extracted from the memory by a time domain switch. We will show this method for intensity as well as for phase modulated signals.
Today's telecommunication is based on optical packets which transmit the information in optical fiber networks around the world. Currently, the processing of the signals is done in the electrical domain. Direct storage in the optical domain would avoid the transfer of the packets to the electrical and back to the optical domain in every network node and, therefore, increase the speed and possibly reduce the energy consumption of telecommunications. However, light consists of photons which propagate with the speed of light in vacuum. Thus, the storage of light is a big challenge. There exist some methods to slow down the speed of the light, or to store it in excitations of a medium. However, these methods cannot be used for the storage of optical data packets used in telecommunications networks. Here we show how the time-frequency-coherence, which holds for every signal and therefore for optical packets as well, can be exploited to build an optical memory. We will review the background and show in detail and through examples, how a frequency comb can be used for the copying of an optical packet which enters the memory. One of these time domain copies is then extracted from the memory by a time domain switch. We will show this method for intensity as well as for phase modulated signals.